This training module aims at providing public officials and counter-terrorism practitioners with a better understanding of the main human rights issues that arise while addressing terrorism and ways to ensure the protection of human rights in line with international standards and OSCE commitments. Since 2005, this training course has been successfully delivered in 11 participating States (Tajikistan, Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, UK, Serbia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, regional training in Austria and former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia). It is envisaged that ODIHR’s training module will be adapted, further developed and implemented as a sustainable component of national training programmes in police academies. The ODIHR Human Rights and Anti-Terrorism Programme and the OSCE Border Management Staff College jointly organized a five-day training on “Human Rights and Border Control” from 13 to 17 September 2010 in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. The training brought together 23 senior border officials from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Ukraine to analyze and discuss human rights issues in the context of border management. The participants gained a solid understanding of human rights law, policies and practices and their application to border control as important elements of efficient and successful border control regimes. On 6 December 2010, the ODIHR Human Rights and Anti-Terrorism Programme also delivered three training sessions on human rights and border control during the first onemonth annual course of the OSCE Border Management Staff College. The training gathered mid-level and senior officers within the border patrols, customs services and drug control agencies of Afghanistan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation and Tajikistan. Anti-Trafficking In line with OSCE commitments and the OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, the Anti-Trafficking Programme continued to assist participating States in establishing human rights-based approaches in tackling trafficking in human beings. In particular, Office activities continued to support effective access to justice and remedies, including compensation through criminal, civil and labour proceedings. In 2010, the Programme organized and supported several training seminars for criminal justice experts, including police, judges and prosecutors in Albania, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and the UK. The training seminars aimed at ensuring that combating organized crime complies with human rights standards and that the actors involved are aware of the human rights approach during their contact with trafficked persons. The Office in particular focused on strengthening the role of law enforcement agents in protecting the rights of trafficked persons, including informing them of their rights and referring them further to direct service providers. Monitoring of Places of Detention Acknowledging of the importance of detention monitoring as an effective tool to prevent torture, ODIHR continues to pay special attention to this issue. Building on previous years’ work, ODIHR in 2010 gave priority to assisting those participating States which have ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OP-CAT). For this purpose, on 25 June 2010, ODIHR gave a presentation and offered its co-operation to the UN SubCommittee Against Torture, the UN treaty body established under the OP-CAT as the international component of a two-fold detention monitoring approach, which requires on the national level to create an independent monitoring body, the so-called National Preventive Mechanism (NPM). ODIHR assisted various participating States by providing legislative expertise in developing their NPM legislation (in Moldova, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan) and offered technical assistance in participating States where new NPMs were created. In May 115