Contents 6 Foreword 8 Introduction Part I Recognition and usage 11 The normative value of the Istanbul Protocol 14 Medical doctors: the key to prevent impunity 18 Bringing medical evidence of torture to international tribunals 22 Doctors in prison: documenting torture in detention 26 Torture is never forgotten: documenting trauma of exdetainees 30 To foresee, see and remedy: state responsibilities for investigating torture 35 Psychological examinations within asylum procedures Part II Challenges and opportunities 41 Challenges to documentation of torture in Ecuador 44 Egyptian bloggers: a civilian voice against torture 46 Independent forensic medical services in Georgia 49 Kenya: documenting counter-terrorism related violations 52 Diploma course on prevention and documentation of torture in Mexico