PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS These should be presented visually and one at a time, and the trainees should have the opportunity to ask questions and make comments after every point. TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION A list of topics is provided in the Manual. Methodology: The trainees should be divided into small groups for discussion. Each group should be given the two topics to discuss and be asked to make a brief report at the end. Points to be highlighted/suggested areas for discussion: 39. – The rules and procedures must be published and available to all prisoners and staff so that it is fully understood what will happen if there are infringements; 39. – It might be necessary to provide this information in a number of languages and to provide for prisoners who are not literate in any language; 39. – If a prisoner charged with an infringement refuses to participate in the disciplinary hearing, it is possible for the director of the prison to appoint someone to speak for the accused in his absence or to delay the proceedings until the prisoner can be persuaded to attend. CASE STUDY Methodology: This may be best conducted as a role-play. The roles of the adjudicating officer, the prisoner, the charging officer, the legal representative and witnesses are to be taken by trainees. If they are very new recruits it might be helpful to have one role played by a member of the training team. Points to be highlighted/suggested areas for discussion: 39. – The case must be heard according to the regulations laid down; 39. – The case must be judged according to the evidence presented; this means that, whatever the director might think or want to happen, he or she must abide by the instruments; 39. – The prisoner is allowed legal representation, which is likely to be skilful; 39. – Witnesses may be called by both sides; 39. – If there were drugs that are not in evidence now, where are they?; 39. – If they have been swallowed by the accused prisoner, are they retrievable?; 39. – Will their presence show up in a urine test?; 39. – Is the medical officer’s help needed? What do the instruments say about the role of the doctor?; 39. – Can the prisoner be kept confined until the presence or otherwise of the drugs can be confirmed?; 92