76
OTHMAN (ABU QATADA) v. THE UNITED KINGDOM JUDGMENT
Given that this observation was made in the context of the applicant’s
complaint that he would be detained without trial at Guantánamo Bay, the
Court finds that these observations must apply with even greater force to
Article 5 of the Convention.
232. The Court also considers that it would be illogical if an applicant
who faced imprisonment in a receiving State after a flagrantly unfair trial
could rely on Article 6 to prevent his expulsion to that State but an applicant
who faced imprisonment without any trial whatsoever could not rely on
Article 5 to prevent his expulsion. Equally, there may well be a situation
where an applicant has already been convicted in the receiving State after a
flagrantly unfair trial and is to be extradited to that State to serve a sentence
of imprisonment. If there were no possibility of those criminal proceedings
being reopened on his return, he could not rely on Article 6 because he
would not be at risk of a further flagrant denial of justice. It would be
unreasonable if that applicant could not then rely on Article 5 to prevent his
extradition (see, mutatis mutandis, Stoichkov v. Bulgaria, no. 9808/02,
§§ 51-56, 24 March 2005; Ilaşcu and Others v. Moldova and Russia [GC],
no. 48787/99, §§ 461-464, ECHR 2004-VII).
233. The Court therefore considers that, despite the doubts it expressed
in Tomic, it is possible for Article 5 to apply in an expulsion case. Hence,
the Court considers that a Contracting State would be in violation of Article
5 if it removed an applicant to a State where he or she was at real risk of a
flagrant breach of that Article. However, as with Article 6, a high threshold
must apply. A flagrant breach of Article 5 would occur only if, for example,
the receiving State arbitrarily detained an applicant for many years without
any intention of bringing him or her to trial. A flagrant breach of Article 5
might also occur if an applicant would be at risk of being imprisoned for a
substantial period in the receiving State, having previously been convicted
after a flagrantly unfair trial.
2. Would there be a flagrant breach of Article 5 in this case?
234. The Court finds that the applicant’s second and third complaints
under this Article (lack of legal assistance and possible detention after a
flagrantly unfair trial) are more appropriately examined under Article 6.
Consequently, it is only necessary for it to examine his first complaint (the
possibility of incommunicado detention for up to fifty days) under Article 5.
235. Applying the principles it has set out in paragraph 233 above, the
Court finds that there would be no real risk of a flagrant breach of Article 5
in respect of the applicant’s pre-trial detention in Jordan. The Court has
serious doubts as to whether a Public Prosecutor, a GID officer who is
directly responsible for the prosecution, and whose offices are in the GID’s
building, could properly be considered to be “judge or other officer
authorised by law to exercise judicial power” (see, for instance, Medvedyev
and Others v. France [GC], no. 3394/03, § 124, ECHR 2010-...; and
Select target paragraph3
Connect to a paragraph
Connect to an entity
Disable highlights
Add to table of contents