IV.  APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW BY THE UNITED NATIONS obligations. Already in 1967, it considered “that essential and inalienable human rights should be respected even during the vicissitudes of war”.139 Since the 1990s the Security Council has further developed its practice of including human rights considerations in its resolutions on situations of armed conflict. For example, it demanded that “all factions and forces in Sierra Leone […] respect human rights and abide by applicable rules of international humanitarian law”.140 Concerning the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it reaffirmed “that all Congolese parties have an obligation to respect human rights, international humanitarian law and the security and well-being of the civilian population”.141 It also called “for full respect for human rights and international humanitarian law throughout Afghanistan”.142 The Security Council has also on various occasions condemned violations of human rights and humanitarian law in armed conflicts and called for accountability.143 For instance, it condemned “all and any violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, call[ed] upon all parties in Somalia to respect fully their obligations in this regard, and call[ed] for those responsible for such violations in Somalia to be brought to justice”.144 It also called on the Sudan “to end the climate of impunity in Darfur by identifying and bringing to justice all those responsible […] for the widespread human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law”.145   Resolution 237 (1967).   Resolution 1181 (1998). 141   Resolution 1493 (2003). 142   Resolution 1746 (2007). 143    It should be noted that since the 1990s the Security Council has considered that human rights and humanitarian law obligations are to be observed in armed conflicts. For example, in its resolution 1019 (1995) on violations committed in the former Yugoslavia, it “condemn[ed] in the strongest possible terms all violations of international humanitarian law and of human rights in the territory of the former Yugoslavia and demand[ed] that all concerned comply fully with their obligations in this regard”. See also its resolution 1034 (1995). 144   Resolution 1814 (2008). 145   Resolution 1564 (2004). 139 140 97