Institutions for persons with disabilities Effective violence prevention through participation The NPM also observed positive examples in 2017, however. Mandatory deescalation training programmes are planned in many institutions and facilities, violence protection concepts were drafted and implemented. Commission 4 reported about one facility that drafted a guideline for violence prevention with the involvement of the clients. The deployment of psychologists to support the entire team or individual persons was also viewed very positively. Several institutions and facilities also enshrined the opportunity of codetermination and self-determination as part of violence prevention. This can mean that the workplace is designed by the clients themselves. In this way, problems or crises can be detected and overcome at an early stage. XX  The authorities must draft quality standards for victim support in institutions and facilities. These should then serve the operators as guidelines for their work. XX  The condition for effective violence prevention is the relevant training of the staff. This should be mandatory in institutions and facilities for persons with disabilities. XX  Clients with a high potential for violence should only be admitted to an institution if it is prepared for dealing with potential risks. XX  Regulations under Federal and Laender laws should stipulate a formulated de-escalation concept as the condition for granting permits for institutions and facilities for persons with disabilities. 2.4.3 Persons with disabilities are not gender-neutral beings Sexual self-determination of persons with disabilities The NPM found different approaches to the topic of sexuality in institutions and facilities. Due to the wide range of models applied, the NPM tried to elaborate a framework for this topic that is compatible with human rights. The Human Rights Advisory Council was also asked for a statement in this respect. This process has not yet been completed. The perception still prevails that persons with physical and/or mental disabilities are gender-neutral beings. This is also the case in institutions in which the management and staff deal with the care and needs of persons with disabilities on a daily basis. Commissions are often confronted with the statement that sexuality is “not an issue” or that there are no sexual needs. But even in institutions which generally recognise that persons with disabilities have sexual needs, the prevailing underlying conditions make satisfying these needs impossible. Sexuality is one of the basic needs of human beings and is of significance for the development of the personality, health and wellbeing. This is indisputable in the international human rights discourse. 90