United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - Sessional/Annual Report of Committee - apparatus, as experience teaches, is resistant to change; (b) The reorientation of State institutions and machinery is a difficult process. However, awareness of the obstacles to this process should lead those in authority to redouble the efforts to overcome them; (c) The absence of properly trained personnel in sufficient numbers to make possible a swift change to the legal framework and the manner of running the State which is envisaged by the Constitution; (d) The vastness of the country and diffusion of authority between central and regional authorities places additional difficulties in the way of establishing the new order; (e) The lack of adequate resources to address the problems that are being encountered in the change from the old to the new legal order; the allocation of the necessary resources for the reform of legal practices should be seen as a priority. 4. Subjects of concern 42. The Committee is concerned about the following: (a) The failure to create a specific crime of torture in the domestic law, as required by article 4 of the Convention; (b) Presidential Decrees Nos. 1815 of 2 November 1993, 1226 of 14 June 1994 and 1025 of 10 July 1996, which allow the detention of suspects incommunicado for up to 9 days in one case and 30 days in the other cases, leave the door open to the abuse of the rights of detainees; (c) Widespread allegations of torture and ill-treatment of suspects and persons in custody with a view to securing confessions, general allegations of ill-treatment of detainees and the absence of effective machinery to address such complaints promptly; (d) The fact that, according to the materials presented to the Committee, young soldiers in the Russian army were brutalized by older soldiers without the authorities taking appropriate remedial measures; (e) The failure to establish effective machinery for the prompt examination of prisoners' complaints about ill-treatment and conditions in prisons; (f) The slow rate of harmonizing domestic legislation with the Constitution and with norms concerning human rights. The disharmony leaves a gap between the legal order respecting human rights established under the Constitution and the application of the law; (g) Overcrowding in prisons, made all the worse by the poor and insanitary conditions prevailing in them; (h) Lack of proper training of police and prison personnel and the personnel of agencies engaged in law enforcement with regard to the rights of suspects and prisoners and their duties under the law; http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/de75e94f920bd0a0802565a600537744?Opendocument (13 of 109)16/10/2006 9:54:12 AM