04 INTRODUCTION ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACRONYMS ACLU American Civil Liberties Union APT Association for the Prevention of Torture BPUFF UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials CAT UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CoE Council of Europe CRC UN Convention on the Rights of the Child CPT European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CRPD UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ECHR The European Convention on Human Rights ECtHR The European Court of Human Rights EPR The European Prison Rules EU European Union EuroPris The European Organisation of Prison and Correctional Services IACHR Inter-American Court on Human Rights ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICPA International Corrections and Prisons Association ICPS International Centre for Prison Studies ILO International Labour Organization LGBTI Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans- and/or intersex NGO Non-governmental organization NPM National Preventative Mechanism ODIHR Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights OPCAT Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) PRI Penal Reform International SMR Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (1955); throughout the document “revised SMR” refers to the updated version (2015) as a synonym for Nelson Mandela Rules or Mandela Rules. SPT UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment TIJ Thailand Institute of Justice UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UN United Nations Guidance document on the Nelson Mandela Rules