Non-refoulement Originally a concept under international (refugee) law, under which it is illegal for states to expel or return (“refouler”) refugees who have a well-founded fear of persecution upon their return. The principle is part of customary international law and is, therefore, binding on all states whether or not they are parties to the UN Refugee Convention. Potential victim of trafficking A person who has not been exploited, but who, due to her or his vulnerable situation, may become a victim Presumed victim of trafficking A person who manifests certain indicators that suggest they may be a victim of trafficking in human beings, but who has not been formally identified as such by the authorities, or who has declined to be formally identified as such. Reflection / recovery Period of time granted to victims of trafficking in human period beings to allow them to recover and escape the influence of the perpetrators of the crime, and to give them the opportunity to make an informed decision as to whether to co-operate with the competent authorities. Refoulement The return by a state of an individual to the territory of another state in which he or she may be persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality or membership of a particular social group or political opinion, or where the individual is threatened with torture or some other serious violation of her or his human rights. Refoulement includes any action that has the effect of returning the individual to a state where he or she faces persecution, including expulsion, deportation, extradition, rejection at the frontier or extraterritorial interception. Refugee A person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership of a particular social group, chooses to reside outside the country of her/his nationality or former habitual residence, and who is unable or unwilling to avail herself/himself of the protection of that country.2 2 2  See Article 1A of the Convention of 28 July 1951 relating to the status of refugees, as amended by the New York Protocol of 31 January 1967. 8 Guiding Principles on Human Rights in the Return of Trafficked Persons