CAT/C/MOZ/CO/1 remuneration. However, it remains concerned about the low number of magistrates, the backlog of cases in the courts and reports of “a lack of respect for the presumption of innocence lengthy trials and the inadequate implementation of the principle of equality before the law”, as described on 10 December 2010 by the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers in her preliminary conclusions and observations on her visit to Mozambique (art. 2). The State party should ensure the effective functioning of the justice system and guarantee access to justice for all victims of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. It should take further steps to ensure the independence and impartiality of the judiciary in the performance of its functions, in particular by implementing the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers (A/HRC/17/30/Add.2, paras. 118-123). Non-refoulement and access to a fair and expeditious asylum procedure 12. The Committee expresses concern about reports of excessive delays in the determination of refugee status. It also regrets the lack of information provided by the State party on the number of cases of refoulement, extradition and expulsion carried out during the reporting period and on the number of instances and type of cases in which it has offered and/or accepted diplomatic assurances or guarantees (art. 3). The State party should take the necessary steps, in cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), to review its refugee status determination procedures so as to reduce the backlog of asylum applications. Jurisdiction over acts of torture 13. While noting that article 67 of the Constitution establishes the principles governing extraditions, the Committee is concerned at the lack of clarity regarding the existence of the necessary legislative measures establishing the State party’s jurisdiction over acts of torture (arts. 5, 6, 7 and 8). The State party should ensure that its domestic legislation permits the establishment of jurisdiction over acts of torture, in accordance with article 5 of the Convention. Domestic legislation should include provision to bring criminal proceedings, under article 7, against foreign nationals who have committed acts of torture outside the territory of the State party, who are present in its territory and have not been extradited. Training 14. The Committee takes note of the information provided by the State party on the training courses for judges, magistrates and other public officials that are taught at the Centre for Legal and Judicial Training. However, it regrets the scant information available on the evaluation of such courses and their effectiveness in reducing the incidence of torture and ill-treatment. The Committee is also concerned at the lack of specific training provided to law enforcement officials, judges, prosecutors, forensic doctors and medical personnel dealing with detained persons on how to detect and document physical and psychological sequelae of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (art. 10). The State party should: (a) Provide mandatory training programmes in order to ensure that all public officials, in particular members of the police and prison staff, are fully aware of the provisions of the Convention, that breaches are not tolerated but are investigated and perpetrators brought to trial; 4