3.8 Children’s Rights Recommendations OSCE participating States should recognize and address the specific impact, direct and indirect, of FTF measures on the full range of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the child, in light of states’ obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), broader international human rights and international humanitarian law, and OSCE commitments. In doing so, states should: • Apply all FTF-related policies and practices in a way that is consistent with the best interest of the child, when children are involved, or directly or indirectly affected; • Pay due regard to the potential impact on children of imposing restrictions on their parents, other family members or guardians, and mitigate the effect on children where such restrictions are unavoidable; • Develop tailored age- and gender-sensitive strategies on how to address the situation of boys and girls associated with FTFs and how to respond to FTF-related acts by children, while placing the primary emphasis on the specific vulnerabilities of children rather than characterizing them as security threats; • Treat children who have engaged in FTF-related acts in conflict zones, consistent with approaches towards child soldiers (primarily as victims), and provide them with necessary support for physical and mental recovery and social reintegration; • Meet international standards that constrain repressive measures against children, and meet related standards of juvenile justice, where criminal law responses are appropriate; • Under no circumstances apply criminal justice responses to young children, and follow good practice in setting a high minimum age of criminal responsibility and in applying juvenile justice rules and regulations to young adults beyond the age of 18 years; and • Ensure that children with meaningful links to the state are able to return and receive protection and support for reintegration, recovery and education consistent with their needs, taking all feasible measures to ensure that no child is rendered stateless. Thousands of children have travelled with their families to areas of terrorist activity or were born to FTFs abroad, and many now reportedly find themselves orphaned, in situations of detention or extreme vulnerability and subject to egregious violations including rape, violence and disappearances, as a result of their perceived association with ISIL.247 247  B. Wille, “ISIS’s Other Victims: The world needs a plan to deal with the wives and children of the Islamic State’s defeated jihadis”, Foreign Policy, 9 October 2017, <foreignpolicy.com/2017/10/09/isiss-other-victims>; “Nigeria: Women and the Boko Haram Insurgency”, International Crisis Group, 5 December 2016, <www.crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/nigeria/nigeria-women-and-boko-haram-insurgency>. 68 Guidelines for Addressing the Threats and Challenges of “Foreign Terrorist Fighters”