CAT/C/GBR/CO/6 59. The State party should: (a) Enhance its efforts to investigate claims of human trafficking and prosecute perpetrators and ensure that victims of trafficking obtain compensation, including by considering creating a civil remedy for victims of trafficking; (b) Ensure access to sufficient protection and support for all victims of trafficking and, in particular, ensure that the State party’s establishment of a child trafficking protection fund results in an improvement in the availability of specialist care and support for child victims of trafficking; (c) Improve the training of law enforcement officers, prison personnel and other first responders by including statutory training on the identification of potential victims of human trafficking and modern slavery, and continue developing specialized training programmes for support workers and those providing foster care. Abuse and ill-treatment of migrant workers 60. While noting the explanation provided by the delegation on the changes made in 2016 to the terms of the so-called “tied” visa for foreign domestic workers, the Committee expresses concern that these changes do not provide a meaningful escape route for many migrant workers who have experienced abuse in the United Kingdom, especially those who have become trapped in an abusive employment relationship (art. 16). 61. The State party should consider adopting further measures to encourage migrant domestic workers who are subjected to ill-treatment to report their abuse to the authorities, including by providing information to migrant domestic workers on their rights and taking measures to enhance the ability of migrant domestic workers to obtain alternative employment. Hate crimes 62. While acknowledging the legislative and other measures taken by the State party to tackle hate crime and prejudice, the Committee is concerned by the reports it has received from both government sources and community-based organizations reflecting a marked increase in the incidence of racist, xenophobic, anti-Semitic, anti-Muslim, anti-disabled and anti-transgender crimes in recent years, and by estimates that only 2 per cent of all hate crimes result in a successful conviction with an enhanced sentence for hostility on the basis of a protected characteristic (art. 16). 63. The State party should strengthen its efforts to investigate alleged hate crimes and prosecute perpetrators, including by improving hate crimes training for the police and improving their initial handling of hate crimes reports. Intersex persons 64. While noting that in January 2019 the Government Equalities Office launched a call for evidence to better understand the experiences of intersex persons in the United Kingdom, the Committee remains concerned about reports of cases of unnecessary surgery and other medical treatment with lifelong consequences, including severe pain and suffering, to which intersex children have been subjected. The Committee is further concerned about the lack of legal provisions providing redress and rehabilitation in such cases (arts. 14 and 16). 65. The State party should ensure that: (a) The parents or guardians of intersex children receive impartial counselling services and psychological and social support, including information on the possibility of deferring any decision on unnecessary treatment until they can be carried out with the full, free and informed consent of the person concerned; (b) Persons who have been subjected to such procedures without their consent and resulting in severe pain and suffering obtain redress, including the means for rehabilitation. 14