Grasping the nettle: Ending Europe’s Trade in Execution and Torture Technology 33 China Amnesty International has documented a series of cases where electric shock stun equipment was used to torture detainees in various places of detention in China. For example, Yu Zhenjie, a Falun Gong practitioner from Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang province, was detained in China’s Re-education Through Labour system. She was tortured with an electric baton for resisting the “transformation” process – the forced renunciation of her spiritual beliefs. In August 2012, she recounted her experiences to Amnesty International, “The head of my brigade, which had around 200-300 Falun Gong members – director Li – had been using the electric baton on my face – it’s a kind of torture the police call “bengbao popcorn”, because your face splits open and looks like popped corn. It smelled horrible, the smell of burning skin.”137 Russian Federation In its 2011 visit report, the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) documented the reported employment of direct contact electroshock devices in the torture of two individuals: “Mr A said that he was apprehended on 13 April 2011 in a village in the south of the Republic and subsequently brought to Makhachkala...He alleged that he was made to sit on an armchair and that his arms were attached to the arm rests by means of adhesive tape. Subsequently, an electric wire was attached to the finger of each of his hands, and he was subjected to electric shocks. Reportedly, he was left in this position overnight and was then subjected to further electric shocks the following day, including to his hands, tongue and genitals, by means of a hand-held device.”138 Since 2009, the alleged use of direct contact electric shock weapons by law enforcement personnel or prisoner officers in torture or ill-treatment has been documented by the CPT within the EU, notably in Bulgaria,139 Greece,140 Poland,141 Romania,142 and the Slovak Republic.143 The CPT has also reported the alleged employment of electroshock ill-treatment in Portugal although the nature of the device used is not recorded.144 Poland In its 2011 report, the CPT highlighted the alleged use of an electric shock weapon against a detainee held by police for questioning at Biała Podlaska detention centre which it considered, “Was of such a severity that it could well be considered as amounting to torture.”145 In its visit to the detention centre, the CPT delegation discovered “a large arsenal of security devices (including pepper spray, electric body-contact stun devices, and firearms)”. The CPT delegation stated, “Electrical discharge weapons can cause acute pain and lend themselves to misuse. The CPT has serious reservations about the use of such weapons in the setting of a secure detention facility, such as a Guarded Centre for Foreigners. These reservations are particularly strong as regards weapons of the kind found at Biała Podlaska; they were small hand-held stun devices (approximately the size of an electric shaver) which could only be employed through direct contact with the person who is the target.” 146 137 Amnesty International interviews, August 2012 as cited in: Amnesty International, China’s Trade in Tools of Torture and Repression, ASA 17/042/2014, November 2014. 138 Report to the Russian Government on the visit to the North Caucasian region of the Russian Federation carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 27 April to 6 May 2011, CPT/Inf (2013) 1, Strasbourg, 24 January 2013. 139 Report to the Bulgarian Government on the visit to Bulgaria carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 24 March to 3 April 2014, CPT/Inf (2015) 12, Strasbourg, 29 January 2015. 140 Report to the Government of Greece on the visit to Greece carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 19 to 27 January 2011, CPT/Inf (2012) 1, Strasbourg, 10 January 2012. 141 CPT/Inf (2014) 21 Report to the Polish Government on the visit to Poland carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 5 to 17 June 2013, Strasbourg, 25 June 2014. 142 Rapport au Gouvernement de la Roumanie relatif à la visite effectuée en Roumanie par le Comité européen pour la prévention de la torture et des peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants (CPT) du 5 au 16 septembre 2010, CPT/Inf (2011) 31, Strasbourg, le 24 novembre 2011. 143 Report to the Government of the Slovak Republic on the visit to the Slovak Republic carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 24 September to 3 October 2013, CPT/Inf (2014) 29, Strasbourg, 25 November 2014. 144 Report to the Portuguese Government on the visit to Portugal carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 13to 17 May 2013, CPT/Inf (2013) 35, Strasbourg, 26 November 2013. 145 CPT/Inf (2011) 20 Report to the Polish Government on the visit to Poland carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 26 November to 8 December 2009, Strasbourg, 12 July 2011. 146 CPT/Inf (2011) 20 Report to the Polish Government on the visit to Poland carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 26 November to 8 December 2009, Strasbourg, 12 July 2011. Index: EUR 01/1632/2015 Amnesty International May 2015