01005789 Case File No. 002/19-09-2007/ECCC/TC E313 areas, however, large co-operatives eventually replaced communes as the lowest administrative sub-regions in the CPK hierarchy.681 218. All levels of the hierarchy – Zones, Sectors, Districts, Communes and cooperatives – were governed by committees.682 Committees typically comprised a secretary (or chairman), a deputy secretary (or deputy chairman) and at least one other member.683 Within each committee, particular areas of policy responsibility were often delegated to an individual committee member or sub-committee.684 The committee secretary in each echelon was usually appointed by the committee of the level immediately above.685 For example, commune secretaries were appointed by District committees,686 and District secretaries by Sector committees.687 In principle, committees were required by the CPK Statute to convene conferences at regular intervals in order to select new members, but in practice committee members were (like secretaries) generally appointed by the committee of the level immediately above.688 681 T. 20 June 2012 (YUN Kim), pp. 6-7; T. 28 March 2012 (KAING Guek Eav), p. 16; YUN Kim Interview Record, E3/368, 12 June 2009, p. 4, ERN (En) 00345192. See also, T. 6 June 2012 (SAO Sarun), p. 60 (stating that co-operatives received instructions directly from the District level); T. 24 January 2013, p. 29 (citing TOEM Rithy Civil Party application, E3/4828) (indicating that communes and co-operatives were “equivalent”); Article by T. CARNEY: The Organization of Power, in Cambodia 1975-1978: Rendezvous With Death, E3/49, p. 85, ERN (En) 00105134. 682 CPK Statute, E3/130, undated, p. 17, Article 7, ERN (En) 00184038; T. 26 March 2012 (KAING Guek Eav), p. 92; T. 28 March 2012 (KAING Guek Eav), pp. 15-17; T. 29 May 2012 (NY Kan), pp. 74-75; T. 6 June 2012 (SAO Sarun), pp. 45, 60; T. 1 July 2013 (PECH Chim), p. 38; SUON Kanil Interview Record, E3/411, 19 August 2009, p. 4, ERN (En) 00390076. 683 T. 6 December 2011 (KLAN Fit), pp. 61-62; T. 7 December 2012 (HUN Chhunly), p. 99; T. 14 December 2012 (SUON Kanil), pp. 58, 66; T. 22 May 2013 (PROM Sou), pp. 19-20; T. 18 July 2013 (Stephen HEDER), p. 20; MEAS Voeun Interview Record, E3/80, 3 March 2010, p. 4, ERN (En) 00491656; PECH Chim Interview Record, E3/4628, 26 August 2009, p. 3, ERN (En) 00379303; Book by B. KIERNAN: The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power and Genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79, E3/1593, pp. 86-92, ERN (En) 00678538-00678541. 684 UK Bunchhoeun DC-Cam Interview, E3/387, undated, p. 4, ERN (En) 00350203; BUN Loeng Chauy Interview Record, E3/5178, 10 June 2008, p. 11, ERN (En) 00274104; Written Record of Analysis by Craig Etcheson, E3/494, 18 July 2007, p. 15, ERN (En) 00142840. 685 Case 001 Trial Transcript (Craig ETCHESON), E3/345, 18 May 2009, p. 74, ERN (En) 00328518. 686 T. 6 December 2011 (KLAN Fit), p. 56 (stating that he was appointed as commune chairman by the district chief and the zone committee); T. 7 December 2011 (ROMAM Yun), p. 36; T. 20 June 2012 (YUN Kim), p. 3; T. 25 January 2012 (PRAK Yut), p. 92; T. 5 June 2012 (SAO Sarun), p. 86; T. 20 May 2013 (IENG Phan), pp. 90-91; Book by B. KIERNAN: How Pol Pot Came to Power: A History of Communism in Kampuchea, 1930-1975, E3/1815, p. 377, ERN (En) 00487497. 687 T. 5 June 2012 (SAO Sarun), pp. 78, 85. 688 CPK Statute, E3/130, undated, pp. 19-22, Articles 11, 12, 15, 18, ERN (En) 00184040-00184043; MEI Suon Interview Record, E3/1675, 21 October 2009, p. 3, ERN (En) 00403031; TEP Poch Interview Record, E3/5293, 4 July 2009, pp. 3-4, ERN (En) 00351701-00351702; SOU Soeun Case 002/01, Judgement, 7 August 2014 - Public 122