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8.1.3. 1970-1975 ..................................................................................................................... 188
8.2.
RESIDENCE, WORKING AND TRAVEL LOCATIONS DURING THE DK PERIOD ...................... 192
8.3.
ROLES DURING THE DK PERIOD ........................................................................................ 193
8.3.1. Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of National Defence and Commander-in-Chief ....... 194
8.3.2. President of the State Presidium ................................................................................... 196
8.3.3. Membership of the Central and Standing Committees ................................................. 197
8.3.4. Membership of Office 870 ............................................................................................ 200
8.3.5. Oversight of the Commerce Committee (Ministry of Commerce) ................................. 204
8.4.
CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................... 209
9.
APPLICABLE LAW: CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY.................................................... 211
9.1.
MURDER ............................................................................................................................ 211
9.2.
EXTERMINATION ................................................................................................................ 212
9.3.
PERSECUTION ON POLITICAL GROUNDS ............................................................................. 216
9.4.
OTHER INHUMANE ACTS .................................................................................................... 220
9.4.1. Enforced Disappearances ............................................................................................. 222
9.4.2. Forced Transfer ............................................................................................................ 225
9.4.3. Attacks Against Human Dignity .................................................................................... 228
10.
MOVEMENT OF THE POPULATION (PHASE ONE) ...................................................... 230
10.1.
CLOSING ORDER ................................................................................................................ 230
10.2.
EVENTS OF 17 APRIL 1975 AND THE ENSUING DAYS ......................................................... 230
10.2.1.
Implementation ........................................................................................................ 230
10.2.2.
Radio Broadcasts ..................................................................................................... 233
10.2.3.
Mood in Phnom Penh and Announcement of the Evacuation .................................. 234
10.2.4.
Temporary Nature and Return ‘in three days’ ......................................................... 235
10.2.5.
Claimed Security Concerns ...................................................................................... 237
10.2.6.
Evacuation “using any means” ............................................................................... 240
10.2.7.
No Exceptions .......................................................................................................... 246
10.2.8.
March Out of Phnom Penh ...................................................................................... 253
10.2.9.
Destination ............................................................................................................... 256
10.2.10.
After Three Days ...................................................................................................... 258
10.2.11.
Conditions Suffered.................................................................................................. 263
10.2.12.
Assistance Offered ................................................................................................... 266
10.2.13.
Deaths ...................................................................................................................... 268
10.2.14.
Dead Bodies ............................................................................................................. 270
10.2.15.
Treatment of Officials and Soldiers of the Khmer Republic .................................... 272
10.2.16.
Checkpoints.............................................................................................................. 285
10.2.17.
Treatment of the Evacuees Upon Arrival ................................................................. 289
10.2.18.
Completion of the Movement of the Population ....................................................... 292
10.2.19.
Total Number of People Transferred ....................................................................... 294
10.2.20.
Total Number of Deaths ........................................................................................... 294
10.2.21.
Effect on Evacuees ................................................................................................... 295
10.3.
POLICY AND JUSTIFICATIONS FOR THE EVACUATION ......................................................... 296
10.3.1.
Security Against Enemies and Weakening the Enemy.............................................. 296
10.3.2.
Food Shortages and Conditions in Phnom Penh on 17 April 1975 ......................... 302
10.3.3.
Pre-established Plan and Generalised Policy ......................................................... 305
10.3.4.
Ideological Values and the Agrarian Revolution ..................................................... 307
10.4.
LEGAL FINDINGS ................................................................................................................ 308
10.4.1.
Forced Transfer ....................................................................................................... 308
10.4.2.
Murder ..................................................................................................................... 311
10.4.3.
Extermination........................................................................................................... 314
10.4.4.
Other Inhumane Acts of Attacks Against Human Dignity ........................................ 315
10.4.5.
Political Persecution ................................................................................................ 316
11.
MOVEMENT OF THE POPULATION (PHASE TWO) ..................................................... 322
11.1.
OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................... 322
11.2.
TRANSFERS FROM SOUTH TO NORTH ................................................................................. 329
11.2.1.
Stage 1: Transfer to Assembly Points ...................................................................... 336
Case 002/01, Judgement, 7 August 2014 - Public
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