POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS EASTERN EUROPE Activities Related to General Police Development and Reform Police Development and Reform within Security Sector Reform The PCU continued to support police training, in particular, neighbourhood police and highly specialized police units responsible for combating cybercrime and human trafficking. In 2017, the PCU facilitated the training of over 2,700 police officers, namely: • four-month training for around 620 new neighbourhood police recruits in eight different oblasts; • two-week re-training for over 1800 re-attested neighbourhood police officers; • two-week re-training for 100 specialized police units responsible for combating trafficking in human beings; • two-week re-training for 101 police officers responsible for combating cybercrime. The PCU continued to support expert dialogue on criminal justice reform. In September, the PCU held the Third Annual Lviv Criminal Justice Forum, gathering more than 100 representatives of courts, parliament, government, civil society and academia, offering a dialogue platform to explore issues of reforming criminal justice in Ukraine and establish cross-cutting consensus on ways forward. On 22 and 23 September, the PCU held the Third Annual Lviv Criminal Justice Forum, gathering more than 100 representatives of courts, parliament, government, civil society and academia, providing for a dialogue platform to explore issues of reforming criminal justice in Ukraine and establish cross-cutting consensus on ways forward. In December, the PCU conducted a study of best practices in 10 participating States (USA, Canada, Netherlands, Austria, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Poland, Croatia and Montenegro), to support the overall reform of the police education system. The research describes general police structures, main aspects of basic and continuous education, in-service trainings, curricula development, structure of educational organizations, and assessment systems in the abovementioned countries. The study, which will be finalized and available online from April 2018, will be used by the MoI to find best ways for the reform of police education system in Ukraine. On December 8, the PCU organized an international conference in Kyiv on national security and criminal justice, gathering 80 eminent national experts, judges and law enforcers focused on issues of cyber-threats, national security crimes and criminal law responses to corruption. This event is a part of multi-year effort of the PCU to bring together criminal justice practitioners and academia to discuss ways to address current and arising issues related to combating threats to national and international security. Participants shared their views and findings on the issues mentioned above and developed recommendations to be considered by the project beneficiary (Security Service of Ukraine) and other criminal justice agencies. On 11 and 12 December, the PCU organized an international conference in Kyiv to discuss police education reform. Educators from the OSCE area presented their approaches and shared best practices regarding police education systems with national representatives of National Police of Ukraine (NPU) and MoIA Universities. The event provided a platform for participants to discuss different aspects of police education and elaborate recommendations in the context of the new model of police education in Ukraine. The MoIA and the Police will use these findings to consider major structural reforms to their education systems in 2018. Human Rights and Police Accountability To enhance inclusivity, accountability and human rights protection in communes located in conflict-affected areas, the PCU commissioned a field study of the security situation, followed by recommendations and a proposal on concrete modalities to ensure local communes’ ownership and cooperation between communes and authorities on local level. The PCU focused its support on enhancing the transparency of law enforcement agencies and communication skills of law enforcement officers, and helped state authorities better prepare for increasing risks to critical infrastructure and threats from cybercrime. In May, the PCU organized a workshop in Lviv followed by a study tour for security service press officers to their counterparts in Lithuania focusing on freedom of media and on improving media communications during emergency situations. Anti-Corruption With the institutional and legislative framework for combating corruption in Ukraine undergoing major changes and reforms, the PCU helped develop the national Methodology for standard survey of levels of corruption (the Methodology) as a key diagnostic tool for the recently established National Agency for Preventing Corruption (NAPC). Based on the 2016 expert discussions and the testing results, the NAPC 103