Appendix 1 On 14 November, upon the request of the Office for International Cooperation of the Polish Police, ODIHR delivered a training session in Warsaw on “How to design and conduct gender training for the security sector” for a study delegation from the Moldovan Police. Five participants, all of them women, represented the Moldovan General Inspectorate of Border Police, Service of Civil Protection and Emergency Situation, the Department of Carabineer Troops and the Office for International Cooperation of the Polish Police. The steps of design and delivery were discussed in detail through a series of interactive exercises. The participants also looked for ways to mitigate various risks and challenges to effective capacity-building on gender in the security sector, including resistance, implicit bias and lack of commitment at the management level. The Office for International Cooperation of the Polish police has evaluated this joint endeavour as highly successful and is looking forward to further co-operation. On 16 November, ODIHR delivered a training session in Queluz, Portugal on “Integrating Gender into Security Sector Reform (SSR)”. 27 police officers from EU countries (16 men and 11 women), attended the session as a part of a three-day pre-deployment course organized by the EU Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL). Participants and organizers alike appreciated the interactive nature of the session and provision of concrete examples of successful gender integration in SSR processes in developing and post-conflict countries (inter alia: Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nicaragua, Colombia). In addition, a series of key recommendations developed from the training and access was granted to ODIHR’s publications on the topic. As a result, further cooperation with CEPOL is envisioned. Community Policing and Police-Public Relations In 2017, ODIHR continued work on building trust and understanding between police and Roma and Sinti communities. These efforts seek to reduce harmful stereotypes that frequently result in over-policing of those communities, and to strengthen the protection against discrimination and hate crimes, thereby enhancing the security of Roma and Sinti communities. ODIHR did so through the implementation of the training programme on “Effective and Human RightsCompliant Policing in Roma and Sinti Communities”, which aims to strengthen the capacity of police officers operating at the local level to work effectively with Roma and Sinti and mixed communities, while complying with international human rights standards. On 26 and 27 April and 5 and 6 December, ODIHR organized two training courses in Krakow for Polish police officers, in co-operation with the Regional Police Headquarters in Krakow. The first training course involved 20 front-line law enforcement officers (14 male and 6 female) who work directly with Roma or mixed communities. The second course involved 20 senior police officers (16 male and 4 female) who oversee the work of the front-line law enforcement. On 10 and 11 October, the Office also delivered training in Budapest to 21 Hungarian front-line law enforcement officers (10 male and 11 female), in co-operation with the Ministry of Interior of Hungary. Furthermore, ODIHR provided two training courses from 13 to 16 December in Kyiv for 20 male and 20 female Ukrainian law enforcement officers and representatives of the National Academy of Internal Affairs, in co-operation with the National Police of Ukraine and National Academy of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Participants of these training rounds highly appreciated the interactive methodology and opportunity to exchange practical experiences with both trainers and colleagues on effective and human-rights compliant policing. The training evaluation demonstrated that participants enhanced their understanding of the importance of building trust between police and Roma and Sinti communities and overcoming existing stereotypes of these communities. Gender-Based and Domestic Violence In 2017, ODIHR further engaged in training the Ukrainian National Police and its educational institutions on effective responses to sexual and gender-based violence. On 4 and 5 April, ODIHR organized training on “Stepping Up Police Responses to Sexual and Gender-Based Violence”, in Kharkiv, Ukraine. The training gathered 28 police educators (19 women and 9 men), from Ministry of Interior educational institutions of Kharkiv, Lviv, Odessa, Dnripro and Donestk and investigators from the National Police of Ukraine. The training seminar was organized in co-operation with the EU Advisory Mission to Ukraine (EUAM) and La Strada Ukraine. The seminar contained sessions on legal qualification of gender-based violence crimes, international good practices of investigation, national legal frameworks and related challenges for the implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul convention). The seminar also extensively featured the topic of conflict-related sexual violence and human trafficking. It was evaluated as excellent by the participants. Their practical application of the new knowledge and skills was also tracked 6 months after the event and a requested follow-up training was organized in Kyiv, on 22 and 23 November. The training involved 27 participants (17 women and 10 men), including investigators, police instructors and also, for the first time, internal oversight officers of the 139