TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS 8
2.3.5. High value of expert opinions
GLOSSARY 9
and possibility of additional opinions
45
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
12
INTRODUCTION
15
2.3.6. Conclusions and recommendations
46
OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT
15
2.4.
Procedural rights
47
METHODOLOGY
15
DEFINITIONS/TERMINOLOGY
16
2.4.1. Adequate accommodations
OVERVIEW
18
in ordinary proceedings
47
2.4.2. Fitness to stand trial, right to be
heard and trial in absentia
48
PART 1
2.4.3. Access to a lawyer and
right to a defence
48
DEFENDANTS AND DETAINEES
2.4.4. Special proceedings for compulsory
WITH INTELLECTUAL AND/OR
treatment/security measures 49
PSYCHOSOCIAL DISABILITIES:
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
2.4.5. Conclusions and recommendations
50
AND IMPLEMENTATION WITHIN
2.5
Deprivation of liberty:
NATIONAL SYSTEMS 19
lawfulness of detention
51
2.5.1. Dangerousness
51
1.
OVERVIEW OF
2.5.2. Graphic depiction of national systems 52
RELEVANT STANDARDS
20
2.5.2. Ordinary imprisonment
55
1.1
Legal capacity, access to
2.5.3. Forms of security measures
justice, procedural safeguards
20
and compulsory treatment
57
1.1.1.
EU Standards
20
2.5.3.1. Forensic psychiatric institutions 57
2.5.3.2. Preventive detention/measures
58
1.1.2.
Council of Europe Standards
23
2.5.3.3. Pre-trial detention 59
1.1.3.
UN Standards
24
2.5.4. Duration and limits
59
1.2
Deprivation of liberty
27
2.5.5. Reviews
61
1.2.1.
EU Standards
27
2.5.6. Conclusions and recommendations
61
1.2.2. Council of Europe Standards
27
2.6.
Deprivation of liberty: treatment
63
1.2.3. UN Standards
28
2.6.1. (Material) detention conditions 63
1.3
Deprivation of liberty:
treatment of persons
29
2.6.2. (Lack of) facilities/options
& overcrowding
64
1.3.1.
EU standards
29
2.6.3. Restraint and disciplinary measures
64
1.3.2. Council of Europe Standards
29
2.6.4. Isolation
65
1.3.3. UN Standards
32
2.6.5. Purposeful activities,
1.4
Alternatives and probation
34
privacy and privileges
66
1.4.1.
EU Standards
34
2.6.6. Lack of specialised staff
67
1.4.2. Council of Europe Standards
34
2.6.7. Monitoring, safeguards &
1.4.3. UN Standards
35
having a voice
67
2.6.8. Treatment
68
2.6.8.1. Adequacy of treatment
68
2.
IMPLEMENTATION
UNDER NATIONAL LAW
38
2.6.8.2. Consent in treatment
69
2.6.9. Conclusions and
2.1
General challenges
38
recommendations
70
2.1.1.
Inconsistencies between standards
38
2.7
Alternatives and probation
72
2.1.2. Lack of data
39
2.7.1. Prevention & diversion
72
2.1.3. Discriminatory terminology,
2.7.2. Alternatives to deprivation of liberty
73
stigma and definitions
39
2.7.3. Release
76
2.1.4. Recommendations
39
2.7.4 Conclusions and recommendations
77
2.2
Legal capacity, criminal responsibility and access to justice
40
2.3.
Assessment of disability
42
2.3.1. Mechanisms to identify disabilities
42
2.3.2. Aim and content of expert opinions
43
2.3.3. Quality of expert
opinions and assessment
44
2.3.4. Consent to examination
45