inadequate hygienic care, inadequate legal advice and insufficient legal counsel for minor refugees. Visits carried out by Commission 4 within the monitoring priority “psychiatric care of detained persons” in police detention centres in Vienna showed that – despite the availability of psychiatric care provided according to reception conditions under the Basic Provision Agreement, which is not available to the same extent at other locations in Austria – the system is overburdened by inmates with addictions and other psychiatric illnesses and that as a result, in-depth enquiries and therapeutic conversations cannot be guaranteed with the available resources. This also comprises the problem areas of suicide prevention and hunger strikes. Monitoring priority “psychiatric care of detained persons” Commission 6 found that in the case of hundreds of unaccompanied minor refugees and asylum seekers age assessment is carried out by way of X-rays, which requires major organisational effort and considerable costs. In many cases, X-rays are made of the wrist, lower thigh, pelvis, dental arch and collarbone. Apart from health concerns resulting from unnecessary exposure to radiation and the scientifically proven inaccuracy of such methods, it must be stated that according to recommendations of UNHCR, when estimating the age of a child, not only the physical appearance should be used as a criterion but the psychological maturity as well. This is sometimes not taken into consideration. The UNHCR also recommends that in cases of doubt the decision should be in the child’s favour if the exact age is uncertain. The key factor is whether the child shows “immaturity” and helplessness that could require more sensitive treatment. The recommendations set out at the international conference of the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) organised in Vienna in 2006 by the Federal Ministry of the Interior stated to this effect: “Due to the evident margin of errors in all age assessment methods, children should always been given the benefit of the doubt, with lowest age selected.” Age assessments of UMRs 1.9. International collaboration and cooperation 1.9.1. SEE Network / presidency of the Austrian NPM in 2016 Since October 2013, the NPM has also been a member of the SouthEast Europe NPM Network (SEE NPM Network). This association of ombudsman institutions from Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia and Austria provides a forum where knowledge and experiences are shared and mutual support is provided. Assisted by commission members, the AOB regularly takes part in the meetings. 21

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