UNCAT Ratification Tool
Annex 2: Templates on Ratification,
Accession, Reservations and Declarations
to UNCAT
These templates set out model instruments for ratification, accession, reservations and declarations
to the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment
or Punishment (UNCAT) with explanatory material and should be read in conjunction with the UN
Treaty Handbook, published by the Treaty Section of the Office of Legal Affairs.8 They have been
prepared by the Association for the Prevention of Torture (APT) on behalf of the Convention against
Torture Initiative (CTI) and form an annex to the CTI’s UNCAT Ratification Tool. 9
The CTI and the APT remain available to provide any further information or advice that may be
required. Please contact the CTI secretariat for further information, info@cti2024.org.
Becoming a State party to the UNCAT
There are two routes for a State to become party to the UN Convention against Torture and Other
Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the Convention, or UNCAT): A State may
either (i) sign and ratify the treaty, or (ii) accede to it. Both are equally valid, and have the same legal
effect. A legal unit in the ministry of foreign affairs would normally be consulted to determine
whether it is customary to ratify or accede to international treaties.
(i)
SIGNATURE AND RATIFICATION
Ratification requires two separate actions. The State first signs the instrument, before formally
depositing an instrument of ratification. The UNCAT opened for signature on 10 December 1984, and
remains open for signature by all States (see UNCAT article 25).
Signature. The procedure for signature is for the Head of State, Head of Government or Minister for
Foreign Affairs, signing on behalf of the State, to meet the Treaty Section of the United Nations to
physically sign the instrument, at UN Headquarters in New York. A State official other than the Head
of State, Head of Government or Minister for Foreign Affairs may also sign a treaty if they are in
possession of a valid instrument of full powers (a model instrument of full powers is included in this
package).
By signing the Convention, a State indicates its intention to become a party to the instrument in the
future.
Signing the Convention does not make the State a party to the agreement, legally bind it or require it
to begin to implement all the provisions of the Convention. Signature does though create an
obligation, in the period between signature and ratification, to refrain in good faith from acts that
would defeat the object and purpose of the Convention.
Ratification. To become formally bound by the Convention's provisions, a signatory State must
subsequently ratify the UNCAT (see UNCAT article 25). Ratification of the UNCAT at the international
8
9
Available at: https://treaties.un.org/
Available at: www.cti2024.org
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