during a one-week training on “Combating child pornography on the Internet”, organized by the International Training Centre on Migration and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings in Minsk. Topics of the training included the determination of online child sexual abuse material; international and national legislation; criminal, legal and criminological characteristics of the crime; modus operandi of the crime, etc. The training was attended by police officers from Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine, specializing in cybercrime and combating child pornography. In October, the TNTD/SPMU embarked on the development of an OSCE Resource Training Guide on Combating Human Trafficking. The project’s objective is to revise existing training manuals used in the course of OSCE-facilitated police training activities addressing the issue of human trafficking, in order to identify their strong features and gaps, collect additional material and develop a new OSCE Resource Police Training Guide reflecting current challenges in combating trafficking in human beings (addressing, for instance, the identification of victims; the prevention of secondary victimization; the investigation and prosecution of trafficking for forced labour; the current modus operandi of traffickers; the financial investigation into human trafficking cases; the sexual abuse of children on the Internet; human trafficking for the purpose of organ removal; and victim compensation). The Guide was intended to be used as guidance and at the same time as a minimum set of standards for both internal and external trainers engaged in specialized police training activities facilitated by the OSCE. Apart from references to existing training manuals, the Guide was intended to incorporate outcomes of the seminars, conferences and other events recently organized by the OSCE in the area of combating human trafficking (key-note speeches, conference final reports etc.). On 13-15 November, the TNTD/SPMU participated in the “EUROPOL Annual Experts Conference on Child Sexual Exploitation”. The conference was dedicated to three specific topics: "The new European Financial Coalition, a multi-stakeholder initiative to combat the distribution of commercial child abuse material"; "Project HAVEN, a EUROPOL initiative to fight the sexual exploitation of children perpetrated by EU citizens abroad. Possible strategies and forms of cooperation"; and "Law enforcement efforts against Darknet". On 21-22 November, the TNTD/SPMU gave a presentation about its activities in preventing and combating THB during training that was organized by the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine for the Security Service of Ukraine (SSU). The target audience was composed of officers of the SSU, prosecutors and police officers tasked with combating organized crime. Drug Trafficking On 6-7 February, the TNTD/SPMU participated in a working meeting of the Heads of Counter-Narcotics agencies from Central and Western Asian countries in Almaty, Kazakhstan. In line with the Central Asian regional programme for Afghanistan and neighbouring countries, UNODC and the Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Centre (CARICC) sponsored this workshop that focused on a review of counter narcotic operations in the region; information exchange on transnational drug trafficking groups; and UNODC regional programme discussions for Afghanistan and Central Asia. An exchange of ideas took place on ways to address joint operations, particularly controlled buys and initiatives for combating illicit trafficking in precursor drug chemicals. Furthermore, the potentials of agreements on bilateral and regional formats for joint actions were discussed. On 16 February, the TNTD/SPMU participated at the UNODC Paris Pact ���Reconvened Policy Consultative Group Meeting” in Vienna. The meeting took place in the margins of the “Third Ministerial Conference of the Paris Pact Partners on Combating the Afghan Illicit Opiate Trade”, which also took place on 16 February. The consultative group focused its work on drafting the main outcome document of the Conference. 30