Criminal Investigations In 2012, the Presence supported the ASP with several training and capacity building activities which dealt with investigation skills development. The Presence co-operated with and supported the TNTD/ATU in introducing Albanian ministries to the Public Key Directory (PKD) system for biometric passport certification. Follow-up activities and projects were envisaged to ensure the sustainability of these initiatives. Cybercrime The Presence also made efforts to upgrade the Albanian State Police’s capacities for combating cybercrime, an area where progress has unfortunately been rather scarce given budgetary constraints and other structural limitations. As an example, in 2012 the Presence co-operated with and supported the TNTD/SPMU in delivering forensic computing software and training to the State Police. Counter-Terrorism The Presence worked to address capacity shortcomings in areas such as intelligence gathering and training weaknesses. Improving cross-border co-operation was another issue of importance. In addition, the Presence undertook comprehensive reviews of different operational capacities (e.g. the Albanian Fire and Rescue Service, State Police AntiExplosives Unit) in order to identify potential weaknesses in the event of terrorist incidents – e.g. lack of training and/or equipment, an unclear legal framework and the absence of safe operating procedures, etc. Building on this work and in co-operation with other international partners, the Presence intended to continue its involvement in related follow-up projects, some of which might include elements of horizontal co-operation with other regional OSCE FOs in the future. Corruption During 2012, the Presence continued its work with the Ministry of Interior Internal Control Service to reduce instances of police corruption. As part of this process, training and developmental opportunities were provided for agents involved in covert operations. The experts for this training were provided by Italy, following the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between the Presence and the Department of Public Security of the Ministry of the Interior of the Italian Republic in April 2012. ****** 47