During interviews with arrested persons in 2011 and 2012, the DHRC SMS noted significant deficiencies in their treatment by the KP. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge of international human rights standards and domestic laws of individual police officers was evident on several occasions. Therefore, the DHRC SMS organized a three-day ToT on the use of force and detention, which was successfully delivered to the KP by an international expert hired by OMIK. In total, 18 police officers benefited from the training. In 2012, the DHRC SMS also continued supporting the establishment of a local detention monitoring mechanism. Such a mechanism would borrow from the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (OPCAT). One of the main provisions of the OPCAT is the establishment of National Preventive Mechanisms (NPM), specifically to “set up, designate or maintain at the domestic level one or several visiting bodies for the prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (hereinafter referred to as the national preventive mechanism).” The DHRC SMS has been supporting the establishment of such a local detention monitoring mechanism since 2009. On 10 May 2011, the SMS advocacy efforts had resulted in the signing of a co-operation agreement on detention monitoring between the Kosovo Ombudsperson Institution and two local non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the Kosovo Rehabilitation Centre for Torture Victims (KRCT) and the Council for the Defence of Human Rights and Freedoms (CDHRF). Subsequently, in 2012, the DHRC SMS organized two capacity building training events for the detention monitoring task force: In April it organized a three-day training on fundraising and project cycle management for 15 participants; and in August a two-day training on lobbying and advocacy for 16 participants. Security and Safety Education In support of setting up and strengthening the legislative framework of the public safety institutions, the DSPS continued to monitor and report its results for further development of the Kosovo Academy for Public Safety (KAPS) and its subordinators, such as the KP, PIK, Customs, Fire Fighters, Correctional and Probation Services. During 2012, the Department participated in many working groups for drafting several sublegal acts, such as the regulations on: the Academy Board; the Institutional Organizational Structure; Training and Curriculum Development; the KAPS Provision of Trainings and Services for Private Physical and Legal Persons; the Academy’s Code of Ethics; and the Regulation for Training Planning and Co-ordination of Donations for Trainings. Apart from the last four regulations which had been already approved, the other regulations were with the Prime Minister’s Office at the end of 2012 awaiting the final approval before coming into force. The DSPS gave particular attention to the regulation on the Academy Board, as the Board was expected to set up and define minimum professional standards and policies related to higher education for all public safety and security providers. Furthermore, the DSPS was actively involved in defining the specific norm structure for the functionality of KAPS in the public safety and security domain. This support resulted in the new completed draft regulation on the KAPS Organizational Structure 15, which was crucial for KAPS as an institution for providing higher education, and more concretely, as a Faculty of Security Sciences including a regional scientific research institute. In addition, great consideration was given to this regulation because of the necessity to accommodate the mutual interest of three different ministries and five different public safety agencies: the MoIA 15 50 As of December 2012, the regulations on the Academy Board and the Institutional Organizational Structure awaited the approval by the Prime Minister’s Office.