1.4 Results Estimating the number of children deprived of liberty in all situations covered by the Global Study required available data to be extrapolated to a global scale on the basis of various samples of countries, which differ in size but not in reliability: • Administration of justice: between 160,000 and 250,000 children detained on any given day in 2018 and 410,000 children detained throughout the year, excluding children in police custody (sample: 124 countries). Estimating the number of children held in police custody required the application of basic extrapolation methods, due to limited data collected under the Global Study questionnaire. This resulted in a very conservative annual estimate of 1,000,000 children deprived of liberty in police custody annually (sample: 25 countries). • Children in migration-related detention: 330,000 throughout the year (sample: 74 countries). • Children living with their primary caregivers in prisons: 9,000 at any given day and 19,000 throughout the year (sample: 69 countries). • Children detained in institutions: ca. 5.4 million children living in institutions (at risk of deprivation of liberty, sample: 137 countries)6, of whom approximately 12.4% (ca. 670,000) are de jure deprived of their liberty (sample: 23 countries).7 • Children detained in the context of national security: 1,500 throughout the year. • Children detained in the context of armed conflict: 35,000 throughout the year. 6 Chris Desmond, Kathryn Watt, Anamika Saha, Jialin Huang & Chunling Lu, ‘Children living in institutional care: Global-, regional-, and country-level estimates’, (forthcoming). Estimates based on the data extracted from responses to the Global Study questionnaire, peer-reviewed literature, grey literature as well as Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. 7 The rate of children deprived of liberty in institutions is based on the comparative analysis of replies submitted under the Global Study questionnaire with available data extracted from the external sources (e.g. official statistics). By comparing numbers reported under the questionnaire with the total population of children in institutions, we managed to identify 13 countries that indeed distinguished between the children placed in institutions and children deprived of liberty in these facilities. The sample has been enlarged with additional 10 countries in which the number of children deprived of liberty in institutions was assessed based on the review of legislation (aiming at identification of types of ‘closed’ institutions) and extraction of statistics on the population of these institutions. 41