Tools of Torture and Repression in South America    CBC – manufactures a wide range of ammunition, includes 12 gauge kinetic impact ammunition.164 Taurus - wide range of small arms. Algemas Zorro (also called Algemas no RJ) - range of restraints, including metal handcuffs, thumb cuffs, leg cuffs and combination cuffs with belly chain. Thumb cuffs may be used to facilitate torture or other ill-treatment through ease of inflicting pain or used in ‘stress positions’ to restrain prisoners’ thumbs behind their back. The EU considers that thumb cuffs have no practical use other than for the purpose of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and has banned their production and export.165 Thumb cuffs promoted on Algemas Zorro website.166 III.II SOUTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS’ EXPORTS AND PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES Attendance at trade fairs and other promotional activity Although attendance at trade fairs in other countries does not necessarily mean companies are exporting to those countries, it indicates they are seeking to promote their goods for export. The following table shows a sample of South American companies that manufacture law enforcement equipment and have attended trade fairs in other countries. The trade fairs included in this table are the largest in the region. South American Companies Condor (Brazil) Indios Pirotecnia (Brazil) FAMAE (Chile) FAME (Peru) Indumil (Colombia) DGFM (Argentina) FIDAE 2012 – LAAD Defence Chile & Security 2013 – Brazil Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes FIDAE 2014 – LAAD 2015 – Chile Brazil Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 164 ‘CBC’ <http://intl.cbc.com.br/ammunitions/law-enforcement/service-ammunition/defense/less-letal> [accessed 1 June 2016]. 165 European Union, Council Regulation (EC) No 1236/2005 of 27th June 2005 Concerning Trade in Certain Goods Which Could Be Used for Capital Punishment, Torture or Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (EC Torture Regulation). 166 Algemas No RJ / Algemas Zorro <http://www.algemaszorro.com.br/> [accessed 1 June 2016]. 37