84 United Nations Convention Against Torture and its Optional Protocol 33  States parties shall make sure that all detainees are promptly brought before a judge from the moment of their actual deprivation of liberty and have the possibility to challenge the legality of their detention or treatment effectively and expeditiously, including when under administrative detention.75 The Committee stipulated repeatedly that the maximum period of detention before a person is brought before a judge shall be forty-​ eight hours.76 Thus, in the inquiry procedure under Article 20 of the Convention, the Committee unsurprisingly found in its report on Turkey, that detention for thirty days before involving a magistrate was too long.77 In cases of a lacking supervision of detention by the competent judicial authorities or a competent oversight mechanism, the Committee has also found a violation of Article 2, paragraph 1, read in conjunction with article 1 of the Convention, due ‘to an increased risk of being subjected to acts of torture and [the deprivation] of any possible remedy’.78 34  The Committee confirmed on many occasions that these rights are to be afforded by law and in practice from the very outset of their deprivation of liberty and have to be the same for all detainees, including non-​citizens, including in any form of administrative detention.79 In case detention safeguards were not granted, also in case of administrative detention, the Committee has repeatedly found a violation of Article 2 in individual complaints proceedings.80 35  According to the Committee, other essential safeguards are the verbal and written information relating to the detainee’s rights in a language that they understand and generally to receive language assistance through translation and interpretation,81 the right to be informed of charges, and the right to remain silent.82 para 9; CAT, ‘Concluding Observations: Romania’ (2015) UN Doc CAT/​C/​ROU/​CO/​2, para 7; CAT/​C/​ PRY/​CO/​4-​6 (n  72). 75   CAT/​C/​GC/​2 (n 1) para 13. CAT, ‘Concluding Observations: Albania’ (2012) UN Doc CAT/​C/​ALB/​ CO/​2, para 13; CAT/​C/​ARM/​CO/​3 (n 72) para 11; CAT/​C/​AZE/​CO/​3 (n 72) para 11. CAT/​C/​BLR/​CO/​ 4 (n 72) para 6; CAT, ‘Concluding Observations: Moldova’ (2010) UN Doc CAT/​C/​MDA/​CO/​2, para. 10. 76   A/​54/​44, para 103. CAT/​C/​ALB/​CO/​2 (n 75) para 17; CAT/​C/​MRT/​CO/​1 (n 60) para 10; CAT/​C/​ RWA/​CO/​1 (n 69) para 11. 77   A/​48/​44/​Add.1, para  25. 78   Djamila Bendib v Algeria, No 376/​2009 (n 42) para 6.5. Also see Nouar Abdelmalek v Algeria, No 402/​ 2009 (n 42) para 11.5. Boniface Ntikarahera v Burundi, No 503/​2012 (n 42) para 6.3. 79   CAT/​C/​ARM/​CO/​3 (n 72)  para 11; CAT/​C/​QAT/​CO/​2 (n 66)  para 10; CAT/​C/​MDA/​CO/​2 (n 75) para 10; CAT/​C/​RUS/​CO/​5 (n 67) para 9; CAT/​C/​RWA/​CO/​1 (n 69) para 12. 80   CAT/​C/​GC/​2 (n 1) para 17; Ali Aarrass v Morocco, No 477/​2011, UN Doc CAT/​C/​52/​D/​477/​2011, 19 May 2014, para 10.3. The Committee noted with concern that the Anti-​Terrorism Act did not allow access to a lawyer until after six days. See Boniface Ntikarahera v Burundi, No 503/​2012 (n 42) para 6.3; and Déogratias Niyonzima v Burundi, No 514/​2012 (n 43) para 8.2; Abdulrahman Kabura v Burundi, No 549/​2013 (n 40). Decision adopted by the Committee under article 22 of the Convention, concerning communication No 549/​ 2013, CAT/​C/​59/​D/​549/​2013 against Burundi (Abdulrahman Kabura v Burundi, No 549/​2013 (n 40), para 7.8); Déogratias Niyonzima v Burundi, No 514/​2012 (n 43) para 8.3; EN v Burundi, No 578/​2013 (n 42) para 7.5; Saidi Ntahiraja v Burundi, No 575/​2013 (n 40) para 7.8; Patrice Gahungu v Burundi, No 522/​2012 (n 42) para 7.6; X v Burundi, No 553/​2013 (n 42) para 7.5; Ramiro Ramírez Martínez et al v Mexico, No 500/​ 2012 (n 42) para 17.5; Djamila Bendib v Algeria, No 376/​2009 (n 42) para 6.5; Gerasimov v Kazakhstan, No 433/​2010 (n 42) para 12.2; Dmytro Slyusar v Ukraine, No 353/​2008 (n 42) para 9.2. 81   CAT/​C/​SR.162 (n 56), para 52; CAT/​C/​SR.191, para 46; CAT/​C/​SR.203 (n 56)  para 37; CAT/​C/​ SR.213, para 37; CAT/​C/​SR.219, para 33; CAT/​C/​SR.234 (n 73), para 54; CAT/​C/​SR.245, para 20; CAT/​ C/​SR.247, para 37; CAT/​C/​SR.254, para 2; CAT/​C/​SR.256/​Add.1, para 37; CAT/​C/​ALB/​CO/​2 (n 75) para 13; CAT/​C/​SR.329, para 22; CAT, ‘Concluding Observations: Saudi Arabia’ (2016) UN Doc CAT/​C/​SAU/​ CO/​2, para 14. 82  A/​48/​44, para 53; CAT/​C/​BLR/​CO/​4 (n 72)  para 6; CAT, ‘Concluding Observations:  Madagascar’ (2011) UN Doc CAT/​C/​MDG/​CO1, para 9; CAT/​C/​PRT/​CO/​4 (n 74) para 8. Zach