6 for human rights, fundamental freedoms and democracy, including with respect to the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. The presence of national or international monitors during assemblies can also contribute to a more human rights-compliant response from law enforcement structures and other public authorities. Bearing that in mind, ODIHR has been engaged in monitoring public assemblies across the OSCE region since 2011, and in issuing reports with recommendations based on that monitoring, including in relation to the policing of assemblies. In addition, ODIHR has been developing tools and providing training for NHRIs and civil society in independent assembly monitoring across the OSCE region. This guide, developed jointly by ODIHR and Omega, seeks to share some of the technical knowledge monitors need to accurately and independently document the presence and manner of use of law enforcement equipment during public assemblies. Enhanced awareness of law enforcement equipment can help assembly monitors to identify inappropriate weapons or equipment, to document incidents of the potentially unlawful use of force, to provide additional evidence when abuses are alleged, and to identify the law enforcement agencies, units or individuals responsible, thus contributing to increased accountability. Increased technical knowledge of equipment enables monitors to make more detailed recommendations and initiate follow-up actions where appropriate. ODIHR and Omega look forward to continuing their collaboration and to engaging with other partners who are seeking to defend the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. ODIHR remains ready to continue its work in assisting OSCE participating States in the implementation of the related OSCE commitments thorough its assistance and monitoring activities. Omega encourages civil society organisations to get in touch should they require assistance in identifying law enforcement equipment, and in analysing its use and compliance with international human rights standards, or for other queries related to the use of force or the law enforcement equipment industry. Both organizations hope that this tool helps to facilitate the vital work of assembly monitors across the OSCE region. Matteo Mecacci Director of the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights