Launchers 6.1 FIXED OR MOUNTABLE MULTIPLE BARREL LAUNCHERS The range of the launcher and number of barrels varies. Current models typically have between 2 and 36 barrels, although some have more. Some models can be stacked to increase the number of barrels. Key Technical Features These launchers can be stand-alone or mounted onto vehicles, such as 4x4 vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles, or seafaring vessels. Launchers can also be mounted onto permanent structures such as prisons, or other buildings. The launchers can be manually operated via direct operator contact or via remote control. The nature of these weapons allows for individual, sequential, or simultaneous firing of kinetic impact munitions or chemical irritants, resulting in rapid fire or bursts of fire. These launchers can be inaccurate and can be affected by weather conditions, increasing the risk of head or upper body injury. Human Rights Concerns If fired at close-range, these weapons can cause severe injury or death. Their use could lead to injuries resulting from panic and stampedes, particularly when used in larger enclosed areas or where only a small or limited exit is provided. Their use fulfils no legitimate law enforcement purpose that cannot be achieved through less harmful means. Statements and Standards from Human Rights Bodies UNODC and OHCHR: “Weapons that fire multiple projectiles at the same time, or that otherwise cannot be targeted at a specific individual, should never be used due to the risk of injury to bystanders.” 117 Some national export control regimes include these weapons on their list of equipment that requires an export licence. Examples of Existing Controls As some countries class these weapons as 'civilian' or 'policing' rather than 'military', they are not always adequately controlled and reported. The EU may prohibit the export of these weapons under its sanction regime when the objective of the sanctions is to prevent the export of weapons that might be used for internal repression in the destination state. Manufacture should be controlled. Proposed Control Trade and transfer should be controlled. Use should conform with international human rights standards. 117 UNODC and OHCHR, Resource book on the use of force and firearms in law enforcement, 2017, p. 94. 105