Restraints 1.5 LEG CUFFS Key Technical Features Two metal lockable cuffs, usually made of metal, fastened around the ankles and attached by a chain to allow the detainee some movement. The cuff size is usually larger than those of ordinary handcuffs and is adjustable. Leg cuffs can help facilitate torture or other ill-treatment (especially when used to restrain a person in stress positions). They severely restrict movement, leading to a risk of secondary injuries should the detainee fall. Human Rights Concerns Prolonged use of leg cuffs can lead to deep vein thrombosis or lacerations, which can also lead to blood poisoning and other longterm physical impairments. Detainees are sometimes kept in leg cuffs for longer than strictly necessary. Leg cuffs should be removed at the earliest opportunity and replaced, if necessary, with safe, soft fabric restraints. Statements and Standards from Human Rights Bodies UNODC and OHCHR: “Limb restraints should only be used for the necessary amount of time, by officers who have received appropriate training.” 41 Examples of Existing Controls The EU Anti-Torture Regulation controls the export of this equipment. The US CCL controls the export of this equipment. Manufacture should be controlled. Proposed Control Trade and transfer should be controlled. Use should conform with international human rights standards. 41 UNODC and OHCHR, Resource book on the use of force and firearms in law enforcement, 2017, p. 84. 19