Restraints 1.17 SHACKLE BOARDS OR BEDS WITH STRAPS Key Technical Features Various models exist with a range of restraining points, used for various techniques. Multiple restraining points are often used at one time, but combinations vary. The straps or cuffs are often made from fabric or leather. If a restrained individual is left unattended or is restrained for long periods on a shackle board, there is a risk of injury or death. These risks are exacerbated if the restrained individual is under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Human Rights Concerns This type of equipment should only be used by medically trained personnel, for a specified and legitimate medical reason, and in a human rights-compliant manner. Their use in any other circumstances is inherently degrading and fulfils no legitimate law enforcement purpose that cannot be achieved through less harmful means. CPT: “In principle, restraint beds should not be used in a non-medical setting.” 64 Statements and Standards from Human Rights Bodies Examples of Existing Controls CPT: In psychiatric institutions “patients should only be restrained as a measure of last resort (ultimo ratio) to prevent imminent harm to themselves or others and restraints should always be used for the shortest possible time. When the emergency situation resulting in the application of restraint ceases to exist, the patient should be released immediately” 65 The US CCL controls the export of this equipment. Manufacture should be controlled. Proposed Control Trade and transfer should be controlled. Medical use only, and this use should be in line with international human rights standards. CoE: CPT, Report to the Swedish Government on the visit to Sweden carried out by the CPT from 18 to 28 May 2015, 17 February 2016, CPT/Inf (2016) 1, para. 90. 64 CoE: CPT, Means of restraint in psychiatric establishments for adults (revised CPT standards), 21 March 2017, CPT/Inf(2017)6, para 1.4. 65 43