Electric shock weapons 2.4 ELECTRIC SHOCK SHIELDS (STUN SHIELDS) Shield design varies, and can be round, rectangular, or square. Convex or flat models are most often used for policing public gatherings. Key Technical Features Concave rectangular models are most often used in places of detention for cell extractions. Electric current runs along one or more conductive strips attached to the face of the shield. Some models feature visible shock sparks, warning alert tones, or sirens. Voltage outputs vary between models (current models range from 6,000 – 5,000,000v.) as does the length of shock delivered. Some models can also spray chemical irritants, have a bright flashlight, or have metal spikes. Due to their and design and purpose, direct contact electric shock weapons carry an unacceptable risk of arbitrary force. Human Rights Concerns Electric shock shields are inherently abusive equipment that facilitate torture and other ill-treatment, including through application of multiple or continuous electric shocks. Their use fulfils no legitimate law enforcement purpose that cannot be achieved through less harmful means. Statements and Standards from Human Rights Bodies Examples of Existing Controls UNODC and OHCHR: “there is no tactical utility [in electric shock shields] … that cannot be achieved with another device, and the risk of arbitrary force amounting to torture or other forms of ill-treatment is too great. As such, their use is not advised.” 80 CPT: "strong reservations" about the use of electric shock equipment that is in direct contact with the skin, highlighting that law enforcement officials should have other techniques available to them when they are with touching distance of person who must be brought under control. 81 The EU Anti-Torture Regulation controls the export of this equipment and allows Member States to prohibit the trade. The US CCL controls the export of this equipment. Manufacture should be prohibited. Proposed Control Transfer should be prohibited. Use should be prohibited. 80 UNODC and OHCHR, Resource book on the use of force and firearms in law enforcement, 2017, p. 94 81 CPT, 20th General Report, October 2010, para. 78. 57