Gender and SSR Toolkit 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Home Office, The Corston Report: a review of women with particular vulnerabilities in the criminal justice system, (Home Office: London), 2007, p.22. Council of Europe, The CPT Standard, section VIIs. (CoE: Strasbourg), 2006, p77. http://www.cpt.coe.int/EN/documents/eng-standards-scr.pdf Coyle, A., Children of Imprisoned Parents: European Perspectives on Good Practice. (Montrouge, France: Eurochips). 2007. Stanley, E. and Byrne, S., Mothers in Prison: Coping with Separation from Children, paper presented at the Women in Corrections: Staff and Clients Conference, Adelaide, 31 Oct. – 1 Nov. 2000, pp. 3-4. http://www.aic.gov.au/conferences/womencorrections/stanbyrn.p df Report to the Swedish Government on the visit to Sweden by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 27 Jan. to 5 Feb. 2003 which says ‘At the time of the delegation’s visit to Gothenburg Remand Prison, 96 of the 153 remand prisoners present (or 63%) were subject to restrictions... The vast majority of inmates with restrictions (90 out of 96, or 93%) were being denied access to association, telephone calls and visits, and their correspondence was subject to censorship’, p. 27. International Centre for Prison Studies. Mission Report 2001 (Unpublished). Report to the Government of Ireland on the visit to Ireland by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 20 to 28 May 2002, p.33. Reyes, H. , ‘Women in prison and HIV’ in HIV in Prisons: A Reader with Particular Relevance to the Newly Independent States (WHO), 2001, p.199. http://www.euro.who.int/document/e77016.pdf Shankardass, R.D., Barred for Life Scarred for Life: Experiences and Voices of Women in the Criminal Justice System, p.158, (PRAJA: Gurgaon, India), 2004. Council of Europe, The CPT Standard, Section VIIs, (CoE: Strasbourg), 2006. p.79. http://www.cpt.coe.int/EN/documents/eng-standards-scr.pdf Council of Europe, The CPT Standard, Section VIIs, (CoE: Strasbourg), 2006, p.77. http://www.cpt.coe.int/EN/documents/eng-standards-scr.pdf Supreme Court of Canada, Weatherall v. Canada (Attorney General) (1993) 2 S.C.R. 872. The court ruled that ‘equality does not necessarily connote equal treatment...The reality of the relationship between the sexes is such that the historical trend of violence perpetrated by men against women is not matched by a comparable trend pursuant to which men are the victims and women the aggressors...the effect of cross-gender searching is different and more threatening for women than for men.’ Bastick, M., Women in Prison: A Commentary on the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, (Quaker United Nations Office: Geneva), 2005), p.15. http://www.quno.org/geneva/pdf/humanrights/Commentary-SMRwomen-in-prison.pdf From final project report of International Centre for Prison Studies UK/Moscow Prison Partnership Project 2003 (unpublished). Human Rights Watch, No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons, 2000. http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/prison/report.html Prison Rape Elimination Act Becomes Federal Law, Stop Prisoner Rape, Press Release, Sept.4 2003, and Stephen Donaldson, 49, Led Reform Movement Against Jailhouse Rape, Stop Prisoner Rape, Press Release, 19 July 1996. Zweig, J.M. et al., Addressing Sexual Violence in Prisons: A National Snapshot of Approaches and Highlights of Innovative Strategies Final Report, (The Urban Institute: Washington DC), 2006. Zweig, J.M., et al., Addressing Sexual Violence in Prisons : A National Snapshot of Approaches and Highlights of Innovative Strategies,(Justice Policy Center of the Urban Institute: Washington DC), 2006, pp. 33-35. Nelles, j., HIV- and Hepatitis B and C Infection Controlled in a Swiss Prison for Women over two years, International Conference on HIV/AIDS, 1998, pp.12 -1091. 20 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 Stern, V., ‘Problems in Prison Worldwide, with a Particular Focus on Russia’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, (New York Academy of Sciences: New York), 2001, p.117. Lines, R. et al., Prison Needle Exchange: Lessons from a Comprehensive Review of International Evidence and Experience, (Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network: Toronto), p.30, 2004. Goldson, B., Vulnerable Inside: Children in Secure and Penal Settings, (The Children’s Society: London), p.51, 2002. Penal Reform International, HIV/AIDS in Malawi Prisons: A Study of HIV Transmission and the Care of Prisoners with HIV/AIDS in Zomba, Blantyre and Lilongwe Prisons, (PRI: London), 1999, p. 10. Dhavan, R.D., Shankardass, Where the Mind is Without Fear and the Head is Held High, (Penal Reform and Justice Association: Hyderabad, 2001, pp.26-27. Chirwa, V., Report of the Special Rapporteur on Prisons and Conditions of Detention in Africa: Prisons in Malawi 17-28 June 2001, p. 36. United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners: Adopted by the First United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, held at Geneva in 1955, and approved by the Economic and Social Council by its resolution 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977, (UNHCHR: Geneva), 1955,Rule 23 (1). The Quaker Council for European Affairs, Women in Prison: A Review of the Conditions in Member States of the Council of Europe. (QCEA: Brussels), 2007, pp. 49-52 United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly Resolution 44/25 of 20 Nov.1989; entry into force 2 Sept.1990, in accordance with article 49, (UNHCHR: Geneva), 1990, Article 3. Moscow Helsinki Group, Situation of Prisoners in Contemporary Russia, (MHG: Moscow), 2003. http://www.mhg.ru/english/1E7AF09 Wedderburn, D., Justice for Women: The Need for Reform (Prison Reform Trust), 2000, p. 9. McMahon, M., Women on Guard: Discrimination and Harassment in Corrections, (University of Toronto Press Toronto), 1999, p.56; Equal Opportunities Commission. Agreement between Her Majesty’s Prison Service and the Equal Opportunities Commission (and its successor body) on an action plan to prevent and deal effectively with sexual harassment in Her Majesty’s Prison Service, (EOC: London), 2007. Department for Constitutional Affairs, Government Policy Concerning Transsexual People. (DCA: London), 2002. http://www.dca.gov.uk/constitution/transsex/policy.htm#part2 Equal Opportunities Commission. Agreement between Her Majesty’s Prison Service and the Equal Opportunities Commission (and its successor body) on an action plan to prevent and deal effectively with sexual harassment in Her Majesty’s Prison Service, (EOC: London), 2007. Oxfam, Yemen Programme Overview. http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/where_we_work/yemen/pr ogramme.htm IRIN (2006), Afghanistan: Misery for Female Prisoners. http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=34266 Kelly, M.J., et al.,’Legal Aspects of Australia’s involvement in the International Force for East Timor’, International Review of the Red Cross, No 841, (ICRC:Geneva), 2001, pp. 101-139. Amnesty International, Thailand: Widespread Abuses in the Administration of Justice, (AI: Bangkok), 2002. http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engasa390032002 Council of Europe, Report to the Czech Government on the visit to the Czech Republic by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 27 March to 7 April 2006 and from 21 to 24 June 2006, (CoE: Strasbourg), 2007, p.24. Prison Reform Trust, Bromley Briefing Prison Fact File May 2007, (PRT: London), 2007, p.5. Bureau of Justice Statistics, Bulletin: Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2006, (US Department of Justice: Washington DC), 2007. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/pjim06.pdf