RCAs & means of delivery RCVs RCAs 40-mm grenade launchers Shotguns, Hand-held KIDs MRDs RCAs Less-lethal ammunition NPO Special Materials March Group Nurol Makina Guangzhou Jieli Special Vehicle Equipment/ Guangdong Zengcheng Zhongjing Yangcheng Light Special Vehicle Co. Ltd Leison Global ISPRA Ltd SAE Alsetex Jino Motors Korean Defence Ind. Brugger and Thomet ‘Fort’a NPP Ekolog D Dupleks-Defence Euro Security Products Russia Russia Turkey China France South Korea South Korea Switzerland Ukraine Ukraine Latvia Czech Republic China Israel Tyumen Aerosols Russia Law-enforcement and security ammunition Training services KIDs RCAs RCVs RCVs ESDs MRDs, ESDs RCAs LRAD Projectile-fired ESDs Launched KIDs RCVs LRAD Corp. Taser International FN Herstal Vargashi Plant PPSO USA USA Belgium Russia Product Company Country Training for Georgian Police on use of batons Exported to Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Georgia Participated at the KADEX 2012 exhibition where their military and law enforcement products were displayed and promoted by their Kazakh distributor Magnum LLP. Information from the D Dupleks website suggests that this participation led to a transfer of unspecified products to Kazakhstan in 2012. Correspondence between the authors and D Dupleks suggests that hunting ammunition has been transferred to Kazakhstan and Georgia. Regional offices in Kyrgyzstan and Georgia Listed as an exhibitor at the ADEX 2014 defence exhibition; ISPRA-manufactured canisters reported to have been used by security forces in Azerbaijan in 2013 Marketed by the Kazakh firm AlmaDK in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Transferred to Uzbekistan in 2013 Company lists Kazakhstan as part of its ‘Global Networks’ Transferred from Germany to Kazakhstan according to a 2009 UN Register on Conventional Arms (UNROCA) report. The authors contacted the Swiss manufacturer of the GL-06 less lethal launchers - Brugger and Thomet - who stated that their company has never exported GL-06 less lethal grenade launchers to Kazakhstan, or indeed, anywhere in the South Caucasus or Central Asia. They did confirm however that they had granted 8 production licenses to international manufacturers for the GL-06, no further details were given. Listed as an exhibitor at the KADEX 2014 exhibition Transferred to Georgia, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan Marketed by TOO Sunrise Defence; demonstrated by US Marine Corps at NOLES 2013 event Observed being used during 2008 demonstrations in Tbilisi Transferred to unnamed CIS member states; one vehicle observed during a public order demonstration in Armenia in 2013 Company states that its customer base includes CIS member states; listed as an exhibitor at the CAIPS exhibition Uzbekistan in 2013 Listed as an exhibitor at the CAIPS exhibition in Uzbekistan in 2013; MRDs observed at opening of new police training academy in Yerevan Products on the March Group stand at the KADEX 2014 trade event in Kazakhstan; Stun batons observed at opening of new police training academy in Yerevan Transferred to Georgia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan Observed during public order demonstrations in 2013 and 2014 in Armenia Notes This table provides an illustrative list to give an overview of the types of companies and their products involved in the trade in the region. It is not meant to be a comprehensive list of all entities. Table 4.3. International companies manufacturing, exporting and marketing law-enforcement equipment in the Caucasus and Central Asia 38 SECURITY EQUIPMENT IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE SOUTH CAUCASUS