Table of Contents 1 2 3 Acknowledgements 1. INTRODUCTION CORE CONCEPTS p. 5 p. 12 p. 20 Foreword 1.1. Purpose and audience p. 15 2.1. Gender-based violence, inequality and discrimination _ p. 20 BACKGROUND: WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN PLACES OF DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY? p. 8 Acronyms and Abbreviations 1.2. Scope and use of terms _ p. 16 2.2. Sexual and genderbased violence (SGBV) p. 23 p. 10 2.3. Other forms of SGBV p. 28 2.4. SGBV and torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment p. 29 p. 40 3.1. The nature of places of deprivation of liberty p. 40 3.2. Who are the victims and the perpetrators? p. 41 3.3. Factors that increase vulnerability to sexual and gender-based violence p. 54 3.4. Dynamic and intersecting vulnerability p. 59 3.5. Detention and the dynamics of power and control p. 61 3.6. Magnitude of the problem p. 67 3.7. Latency and nonreporting p. 71 3.8. Consequences of sexual and gender-based violence p. 78 6