Foreword Complying with human rights standards in places of deprivation of liberty is key to both the safety of individuals within them as well as to the security of the society outside. The OSCE comprehensive concept of security provides a framework for understanding how human rights violations are linked to security. Understanding sexual violence as a form of gender based violence and, thus, grasping the interplay of power and discrimination may help in the development of preventive measures that are fully inclusive of the motivations behind such violence. This publication highlights the root causes of sexual and gender-based violence in places of deprivation of liberty and the reasons why the problem is so rarely acknowledged and so often ignored or tolerated. This publication provides examples from around the OSCE region that show how states can address and prevent sexual and gender-based violence in places of depri- 8