The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area–Background Paper 2018 Latvia A r r r r r r Liechtenstein A r r r r r r Lithuania A r r r r r r Luxembourg A r r r r r r Malta A r r r r r r Republic of Moldova A r r r r r r Monaco A r r r r r r Mongolia A r r r n/a n/a n/a Montenegro A r r r r r r Netherlands A r r r r r r Norway A r r r r r r Poland A r r r r r r Portugal A r r r r r r Romania A r r r r r r Russian Federation DA r r No action r Signed No action San Marino A r r r r r r Serbia A r r r r r r Slovak Republic A r r r r r r Slovenia A r r r r r r Spain A r r r r r r Sweden A r r r r r r Switzerland A r r r r r r Tajikistan DA r r No action n/a n/a n/a Turkey A r r r r r r Turkmenistan A r r r n/a n/a n/a Ukraine A r r r r r r United Kingdom A r r r r r r United States of America R r r No action n/a n/a n/a Uzbekistan A r r r n/a n/a n/a Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia A r r r r r r Notes: r = ratification or accession signed = signature only No action = neither singed not ratified n/a = non-applicable as not member of the Council or Europe A = abolitionist DA = de facto abolitionist R = retentionist 108