Table 3: Mapping transitions from the children’s to the adult custodial estate Children’s custodial provision England and Wales Boys Girls Three different types of provision: Two different types of secure children’s homes which establishment: secure children’s also accommodate welfare cases homes which also accommodate (mixed sex); secure training welfare cases (mixed sex); and centres (mixed sex); and YOIs secure training centres (mixed (male only). Placement dependent sex). Placement dependent on on age and assessed vulnerability. age and assessed vulnerability. Adult custodial provision to which children transition Young adult YOIs, though in practice these are increasingly coterminous with adult prisons and young adults are not necessarily separate in such establishments. Age of transition Generally 18 years old. How is transition Protocol published by National managed? Offender Management Service (now HMPPS) and guidance by Youth Justice Board – but this does not appear to be well known or consistently followed. 51 Scotland Boys Girls Two different types of provision: Two different types of provision: five secure care establishments five secure care establishments (mixed sex) which also (mixed sex) which also accommodate welfare cases accommodate welfare cases (four are managed by different (four are managed by different voluntary sector providers; one by voluntary sector providers; one by a local authority); a single mixed a local authority); a single mixed sex YOI which also provides for sex YOI which also provides for young adults but children are held young adults but children are held separately. separately. Adult female prisons. In theory A single young A single women’s A single mixed sex YOI which A single mixed sex YOI which distinct provision for young adults offender institution. prison. holds children and young holds children and young but in practice there is rarely any people aged 16–21 (23 in some people aged 16–21 (23 in some distinction. circumstances). (Currently circumstances). adult prisoners also held on a (Currently adult prisoners also temporary basis.) held on a temporary basis.) Generally 18 years old. Generally 18 years Generally 18 Before 18th birthday. 16–17-year- Before 18th birthday. 16–17-yearold. years old. olds are held separately. olds are held separately. Protocol published by National Transition managed Transition Secure care establishments have Secure care establishments have Offender Management Service according to managed developed links/ developed links/ (now HMPPS) and guidance by established protocol according to partnerships with YOI – to share partnerships with YOI – to share Youth Justice Board – but this does which lays out established information prior to transition, information prior to transition, not appear to be well known or transition stages, protocol allow child to meet personal allow child to meet personal consistently followed. information sharing which lays out officer, visit the YOI in advance of officer, visit the YOI in advance of and provides for a transition stages, transfer, etc. transfer, etc. Sometimes there is a phased transition plan for information transition, e.g. from secure each child. sharing and children’s home to young offender provides for a institution (YOI) to young adult YOI. transition plan for But direct transfer to adult facilities each child. may also occur. Children often not given prior notice of transfer. No published data. Youth Justice Unpublished data Unpublished data No data provided as yet but No data provided as yet but Board may be able provide available. Number available. No girls secure care establishments secure care establishments information on children turning of boys transitioning have transitioned indicate that transition is indicate that transition is 18 while in custody but this is not to adult custody has to adult custody becoming less frequent. becoming less frequent. routinely extracted. No figures declined significantly in past five years. provided to date. over the past five years from 18 per annum to eight. Section two Focus on detention issues Is published/ unpublished data available on the number of children who transition to adult custody? Sometimes there is a phased transition, e.g. from secure children’s home to young offender institution (YOI) to young adult YOI. But direct transfer to adult facilities may also occur. Children often not given prior notice of transfer. No published data. Youth Justice Board may be able provide information on children turning 18 while in custody but this is not routinely extracted. No figures provided to date. Northern Ireland Boys Girls A single (mixed A single (mixed sex) juvenile justice sex) juvenile centre. justice centre.