CAT/OP/KAZ/1/Add.1 difficulties in the way of their application, in the knowledge that they represent, as a whole, the minimum conditions which are accepted as suitable by the United Nations. 258. For example, even in the United States of America, in a prison that is by no means the strictest in the country, convicted prisoners are moved around in hand and leg shackles. In addition, some convicted prisoners are held in rooms in which they can only stand and only in their underwear. Paragraph 123 The Subcommittee also recommends abolishing the practice of keeping prisoners serving life sentences separate from other prisoners serving long sentences. As with all prisoners, the ultimate aims remain rehabilitation, reinsertion and reintegration. Therefore, contact with the outside world should not be restricted on the basis of the sentence or disciplinary regime. 259. Under article 141 of the Penalties Enforcement Code, prisoners serving life sentences are placed in cells. 260. Educational activities for convicted prisoners are organized with due regard to the requirements of detention in cells. 261. Convicted prisoners are entitled to a daily walk lasting: (1) One hour for those held under the strict regime (2) One and a half hours for those held under the ordinary regime (3) Two hours for those held under the relaxed regime 262. In accordance with article 27 of the Penalties Enforcement Code, it has been made possible for prisoners serving life sentences and those in prison hospitals to receive primary, basic secondary and general secondary education. 263. Convicted prisoners are encouraged to take primary, basic secondary and general secondary education, and their willingness to do so is taken into account in determining their level of conduct and their character assessment. Paragraph 127 The Subcommittee welcomes the creation of a probation system to facilitate the social rehabilitation, reinsertion and reintegration of those granted early release. It recognizes that early conditional release is increasingly used, which is positive. The Subcommittee recommends that such release be implemented more transparently. 264. In 2017, 5,642 convicted prisoners were released from places of deprivation of liberty (versus 7,249 in 2016), including 1,289 released on completion of their sentence (versus 1,834 in 2016) and 3,102 released on parole with the unserved portion of their sentence being commuted to a milder penalty (versus 5,364 in 2016). 265. In the current year, 461 convicted prisoners applied to the administration of an institution for assistance on their release (versus 418 in 2016), and they were referred to various social and treatment institutions, including 149 to social adaptation centres (versus 97 in 2016) and 103 to outpatient clinics (versus 118 in 2018). 266. The introduction of penitentiary probation will make it possible to prepare convicted prisoners more thoroughly ahead of their release. It will be carried out in close cooperation with government agencies, NGOs and civil society and will be aimed at helping convicted prisoners to reintegrate into society. Paragraph 130 The Subcommittee recommends allowing mothers and their small children to live together in conditions that maximally resemble life in the community. In the light of rule 52 (3) of the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Noncustodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), special transitional measures in terms of ensuring further contact should be considered once children have GE.18-05420 29