Legal acts Article 13. 1. In the course of the proceedings referred to in art. 12 section 1, the Defender has the right to: 1) examine each case on the spot even without any prior warning, 2) demand explanation or presentation of files of any case handled by superior and central authorities of State administration, government administration agencies, agencies of co-operative, civic, professional or socio-professional organizations, as well as agencies of corporate organizational units, communes and organizational units of local government, 3) demand information on the status of a case dealt with by courts or prosecutor’s office or other law enforcement agencies, and to demand that court and prosecutor files be made available to the Office of the Human Rights Defender, as well as files from other law enforcement bodies after proceedings have been completed and judgment issued, 4) order expertise and opinion. 2. In cases involving classified information, providing the Defender with information or access to files shall be subject to the principles and procedures set forth in relevant regulations on the protection of classified information. Article 14. Having examined a case, the Defender may: 1) explain to applicant that no infringement of liberties and rights of a human and a citizen has been found, 2) refer to the agency, organization or institution whose activity has been found to have caused an infringement of the liberties and right of a human and a citizen; such motion may not, however, infringe upon independence of the judiciary, 3) request an agency superior to the one referred to in point 2 to apply measures provided by law, 4) demand that proceedings be instituted in civil cases, and participate in any ongoing proceedings with the rights enjoyed by the prosecutor, 5) demand that preparatory proceedings be instituted by a competent prosecutor in cases involving offences prosecuted ex officio, 6) ask for instituting administration proceedings, lodge complaints against decisions to administrative court and participate in such proceedings with the rights enjoyed by the prosecutor, 7) move for punishment as well as for reversal of a valid decision in proceedings involving misdemeanor, under rules and procedures set forth elsewhere, 139