CAT/C/UZB/CO/3 page 7 The State party should provide specific training to its medical personnel dealing with detainees on how to identify signs of torture and ill-treatment and ensure that the Istanbul Protocol of 1999 (Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment) becomes an integral part of the training provided to physicians and others involved in health care of detainees. In addition, the State party should develop and implement a methodology to assess the effectiveness and impact of its training/educational programmes on cases of torture and ill-treatment and provide information about gender specific trainings. Compensation and rehabilitation 18. Noting the State party’s information about victims’ rights to material and moral rehabilitation envisaged in the Criminal Procedure Code and the Civil Code, the Committee is concerned at the lack of examples of cases in which the individual received such compensation, including medical or psychosocial rehabilitation. The State party should provide compensation, redress and rehabilitation to victims, including the means for as full rehabilitation as possible and provide such assistance in practice. Independence of the judiciary 19. The Committee remains concerned that there is a lack of security of tenure of judges, that the designation of Supreme Court judges rests entirely with the Presidency, and that lower level appointments are made by the executive which re-appoints judges every five years. The State party should guarantee the full independence and impartiality of the judiciary, inter alia, by guaranteeing judges’ security of tenure. Evidence obtained through torture 20. While appreciating the frank acknowledgement by the representatives of the State party that confessions under torture have been used as a form of evidence in some proceedings, and notwithstanding the Supreme Court’s actions to prohibit the admissibility of such evidence, the Committee remains concerned that the principle of non-admissibility of such evidence is not being respected in every instance. The State party should take immediate steps to ensure that in practice evidence obtained by torture may not be invoked as evidence in any proceedings. The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation that the State party should review cases of convictions based solely on confessions, recognizing that many of these may have been based upon evidence obtained through torture or ill-treatment, and, as appropriate, provide prompt and impartial investigations and take appropriate remedial measures. Violence against women 21. The Committee is concerned by reports of cases of violence against women, including in places of detention and elsewhere, and notes the lack of information about prosecutions of persons in connection with cases of violence against women.