Basic and advanced community policing training was conducted for Neighbourhood Inspectors, Juvenile Delinquency Inspectors and duty officers of all Northern provinces and the city of Bishkek by local trainers from the MoI, Police Academy and Secondary Police School. Community policing training for managers was provided for Chiefs and Deputy Chiefs of District Police Stations and Province Police Departments. Up to 1,000 police officers of different ranks from the aforementioned units completed the training course by September 2011. A Community Policing Training Manual (for beginners, advanced and managers) and additional community policing-related training material were translated into the Kyrgyz language to ensure that police officers in remote rural areas have access to required literature in this language. An international conference, initiated by the ATU and the SPMU, was conducted with participation of all parties concerned in introducing community policing in Kyrgyzstan. This event facilitated a joint discussion of creative initiatives on how the police can establish partnership with civil society through the use of community policing tools, in order to prevent violent extremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism (see also chapter 3.1). Several initiatives of the MoI on conducting roundtable meetings of the police with minority groups, elderly groups, people with disabilities, NGOs, business people etc. were undertaken to facilitate discussions on most urgent and topical issues related to safety, juvenile delinquency, local business community and crime-prevention issues, and for improving cooperation and contacts. Seven roundtables were held in the Northern provinces of the country with 370 representatives of the public participating. A sub-project on co-operation between the police and senior citizens’ groups was implemented by the implementing partner NGO HelpAge International which expanded to several districts of the Chuy and Talas provinces. Within the project, the implementing partner provided seniors with crime prevention information specifically geared towards the needs of the elderly. Furthermore, the sub-project raised awareness among the local police of the needs of senior citizens and the police’s responsibilities to address these needs. By the end of the subproject, a manual for police on working with the elderly was developed. It was published in 600 copies and distributed among police officers. In support of citizen patrols special emphasis was paid to improving the legislative basis and regulatory frameworks and mechanisms of control (via support to the working group) that provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of these structures. A study tour to Estonia was organized to learn from international best practice on running and institutionalizing citizen patrols. The working group used Estonian practice in the development of the draft Law on Citizen Patrols. 556 LCPCs had been established throughout the country, but as their capacity, and technical and legislative basis were still weak and their status not duly acknowledged, they did not function fully. In order to assess the needs of LCPCs country-wide, qualitative research, including functional, institutional and legislative analyses was conducted by a special working group from representatives of relevant government and municipal organizations and NGOs. The data was collected by means of focus groups and roundtable discussions in all provinces of the country. The results of this research were going to be presented in Parliament in 2012 and were supposed to be extensively used for the projects and activities on enhancing the capacities of LCPCs. A sub-project on Neighbourhood Watch Groups was continued in Bishkek city and Karakol town of the Issyk-Kul province, implemented by the partner NGO Neighbourhood Watch. The concept aimed at encouraging communities to come together to look after their neighbourhoods and report suspicious activities to the police. The project enabled each household to know their neighbours better and foster closer ties among them. Within the 105