34. On this basis, the decision-maker bears the burden of proof of establishing that an
analysis of relocation is relevant to the particular case. If considered relevant, it is up to the
party asserting this to identify the proposed area of relocation and provide evidence
establishing that it is a reasonable alternative for the individual concerned.
35. Basic rules of procedural fairness require that the asylum-seeker be given clear and
adequate notice that such a possibility is under consideration.12 They also require that the
person be given an opportunity to provide arguments why (a) the consideration of an
alternative location is not relevant in the case, and (b) if deemed relevant, that the proposed
area would be unreasonable.
B.
Accelerated or admissibility procedures
36. Given the complex and substantive nature of the inquiry, the examination of an internal
flight or relocation alternative is not appropriate in accelerated procedures, or in deciding on
an individual’s admissibility to a full status determination procedure.13
C.
Country of origin information
37. While examination of the relevance and reasonableness of a potential internal relocation
area always requires an assessment of the individual’s own particular circumstances, welldocumented, good quality and current information and research on conditions in the country
of origin are important components for the purpose of such examination. The usefulness of
such information may, however, be limited in cases where the situation in the country of origin
is volatile and sudden changes may occur in areas hitherto considered safe. Such changes
may not have been recorded by the time the claim is being heard.
IV.
CONCLUSION
38. The concept of internal flight or relocation alternative is not explicitly referred to in the
criteria set out in Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention. The question of whether the claimant
has an internal flight or relocation alternative may, however, arise as part of the holistic
determination of refugee status. It is relevant only in certain cases, particularly when the
source of persecution emanates from a non-State actor. Even when relevant, its applicability
will depend on a full consideration of all the circumstances of the case and the
reasonableness of relocation to another area in the country of origin.
12
See Summary Conclusions – Internal Protection/Relocation/Flight Alternative, para. 7.
See Summary Conclusions – Internal Protection/Relocation/Flight Alternative, para. 6; Executive
Committee Conclusion No. 87 (L), 1999, para. j; and Note on International Protection, 1999, para. 26
(UN doc. A/AC.96/914, 7 July 1999).
13
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