ESSEX PAPER 3: INITIAL GUIDANCE ON THE INTERPRETATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UN NELSON MANDELA RULES principle of avoiding harm must feature prominently in consideration of such dilemmas. Health professionals should seek solutions that promote justice without breaching the individual’s right to confidentiality. Advice should be sought from reliable agencies; in some cases this may be the national medical association or non-governmental agencies. Alternatively, with supportive encouragement, some reluctant patients may agree to disclosure within agreed parameters’. The health-care professional may, therefore, assist the prisoner with identifying other routes to report the allegations of torture or other ill-treatment such as detention staff, forensic medical specialists, inspectors and monitors. Rule 7(2) of the Bangkok Rules also provides that ‘[w]hether or not the woman chooses to take legal action, prison authorities shall endeavor to ensure that she has immediate access to specialized psychological support and counselling’. The experts considered that more detailed discussion and guidance is needed on how to deal with the situation of dual loyalty identified in the Istanbul Protocol and how to maintain confidentiality and informed consent while bearing in mind the do no harm principle. à S ee Chapter 2, Prison management – Inspections and external monitoring/ objectives for internal and external inspection à S ee Chapter 6, Incident management – investigations Penal Reform International and the Essex Human Rights Centre | 76