ANNEX – International and regional human rights systems 51 dural remedies and substantive remedies/ reparations. important where torture allegations concern certain identifiable categories of persons, namely children, women and racial groups. 2. INTERNATIONAL COMPLAINTS PROCEDURES The working methods of each of these bodies are very similar. All have the power to examine and comment on state reports, and most are also able to receive individual complaints, or else are in the process of developing such a procedure. Depending on the whether a country has specifically agreed to their jurisdiction, torture victims may file a complaint before the following international (universal) human rights mechanisms: The United Nations Treaty Bodies • Committee Against Torture (CAT): supervises the UN Convention Against Torture • Human Rights Committee (HRC): supervises the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights • Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): supervises the UN Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women • Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD): supervises the UN Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination The Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) supervises the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It can review State reports and discussions are currently ongoing regarding the possibility of adopting a protocol to the CRC which would allow individual complaints. The most relevant for the purpose of torturerelated material are the CAT, which focuses solely on the subject of torture, and the HRC, which is a well-established body dealing with a range of human rights including torture. However, the other committees are very Similarly, depending on the whether a country has specifically agreed to their jurisdiction, torture victims may file a complaint before the following international (regional) human rights mechanisms: The Regional Human Rights Mechanisms • African Commission and Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights • European Court of Human Rights • Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights (For further detail on how the UN HRC and CAT as well as the three regional mechanisms work see Annex in this guide.) 3. USE OF INTERNATIONAL COMPLAINTS PROCEDURES AND REPORTING MECHANISMS AND ENFORCEMENT Decisions by regional or international human rights bodies that uphold a complaint can both provide justice and reparation to the victim(s) and bring about systemic changes where the State concerned acts on the decision. However, even where a victim and those acting on his or her behalf secure a favourable decision, the respondent State may be reluctant to comply.207 The enforce-