57 7. A  ll members shall avoid any action in relation to the work of their treaty body which might lead to or might be seen by a reasonable observer to lead to bias against States. In particular, members shall avoid any action which might give the impression that their own or any given State was receiving treatment which was more favourable or less favourable than that accorded to other States. III. APPLICATION OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES a A. P  articipation in consideration of State party reports and other report-related procedures 8. A  member shall not participate or influence in any way the consideration of a State party report by the treaty body, or by any of its subsidiary bodies, if he or she may be seen by a reasonable observer to have a conflict of interest with respect to that State party. The same principle shall apply to any other treaty body procedure, such as follow-up, early warning or urgent action, which is not specifically mentioned in these guidelines. 9. In case of a real or perceived conflict of interest with respect to a State party, a member: (a) Shall not participate or influence in any way the preparation, course or outcome of dialogues, discussions or any other public meetings of the treaty body, but may be present as an observer; (b) Shall not be present during any non-public consultations, briefings or meetings with a single country focus of his or her treaty body with other entities or partners, such as United Nations entities, national human rights institutions and civil society organizations. However, the member may receive the relevant documentation; (c) Shall not be present during discussions, deliberations or any other non-public meetings of his or her treaty body, such as for the preparation, drafting, discussion and adoption of concluding observations or any other related treaty body documents. B. Participation in the consideration of communications 10. A member shall not participate in, be present during, or influence in any way the examination of a communication, either at the admissibility or the merits stage, if: (a) The member is a national of the State whose acts are impugned by the communication or has any personal or professional conflict of interest in the case, or if any other real or perceived conflict of interest is present; Sections A and B on the application of the general principles do not apply to the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture. a