0442541_CORRPocketBook11Add3.qxp 14.09.2005 13:47 Page 8 All prisoners shall have at least one hour’s daily exercise in the open air if the weather permits.55 V. Making Prisons Safe Places Use of force, including use of firearms, to prevent escape should only be applied when less extreme means are insufficient to prevent the escape.56 Restraints may be used only as a precaution against escape during transfer, for no longer than strictly necessary, and provided that they are removed when the prisoner appears before a judicial or administrative authority; or on medical grounds.57 Prisons should be safe environments for all who live and work in them, in other words for prisoners and staff, and for visitors.58 No one in a prison should fear for his or her physical safety.59 Chains and irons shall not be used as restraints.60 Discipline and order shall be maintained with firmness, but with no more restriction than is necessary for safe custody and well-ordered community life.61 All disciplinary offences and punishments must be specified by law or published legal regulations.62 8