E/CN.4/1995/31/Add.4
page 9
provincial courts and 90 days for the Supreme Court ruling on appeal.
Proceedings before the Appeal Court are conducted according to the same
procedure as in first instance, with the prosecutor’s office and the parties
concerned assisted by their counsel, as appropriate. Proprio motu or at the
request of the Appeal Court, the prosecutor’s office may produce new evidence
which must be examined and compared with the old evidence. The Appeal Court
may either reject the appeal or "protest" and uphold the decision appealed,
change it or even reject it by ordering that the case should be further
investigated, tried again in first instance or referred back to the court
handling it earlier, specifying that the court’s composition must be
different.
(b)
Review
28.
There is a review procedure for judgements and decisions having force of
res judicata, but handed down in violation of the law. This is the case when
the examination of the facts and the interrogation were conducted in a biased
or inadequate manner, when there is a contradiction between the operative part
of the decision and the facts as they result objectively from the proceedings,
when serious violations of criminal procedure came to light during the
investigation or the proceedings or when serious errors were committed in the
enforcement of the Penal Code. Power to request a review of decisions handed
down by courts at any level is vested in the President of the Supreme Court
and the Public Prosecutor in that Court. It is also vested in the
Vice-President of the Supreme Court and the Deputy Public Prosecutor in
respect of decisions handed down by lower courts. The president of a
provincial court and the public prosecutor of that court have the same powers
in respect of decisions handed down by district courts. At the provincial
court level, a judicial committee considers the application for review, while,
at the Supreme Court level, the Criminal Chamber does so. The exercise of its
review power enables the court concerned to dismiss the application for review
and thus uphold the decision having force of res judicata; to overturn the
decision and close the case; to overturn the decision and order a new
investigation or a new trial; or to amend the decision.
(c)
Courts of special jurisdiction
29.
Military courts are the only courts of special jurisdiction in Viet Nam,
if they may be regarded as such. At the district level, they are regional
military courts. At the provincial level, they are sectoral courts and, at
the top, there is the High Military Court. These courts have jurisdiction for
any offences assigned to them by law and, basically, the Code does not seem to
make any distinction between offences committed by the military in the
exercise of its functions and those not committed in the exercise of those
functions.
30.
Persons prosecuted for breaches of State security are tried by the same
courts as ordinary offenders, except that the provincial courts have
jurisdiction in first instance.