CAT/C/ETH/CO/1 warrant and the lack of judicial oversight on the legality of detention can facilitate torture and ill-treatment (arts. 2 and 11). The State party should take effective steps to investigate promptly and impartially all allegations of involvement of members of security forces and ENDF in extrajudicial killings and other serious human rights violations in different parts of the country, in particular in the Somali, Oromiya and Gambella Regional States. The State party should take all necessary measures to counter enforced disappearances and the practice of mass arrest without a warrant and arbitrary detention without charges and judicial process. The State party should take all appropriate steps to ensure the application of relevant legislation, to reduce further the duration of detention before charges are brought. The State party is requested to provide detailed information on any investigations, and on their outcome, into reported cases of disappearances. Rape and other forms of sexual violence in the context of armed conflict 16. The Committee is concerned about reports of rape and other forms of sexual violence against women and girls allegedly committed by members of the security forces and ENDF in the context of armed conflict, in particular in the Somali Regional State (arts. 2, 12, 13 and 14). The Committee calls on the State party to investigate, prosecute and punish members of the security forces and ENDF responsible for rape and other forms of sexual violence in the context of armed conflict. The State party should take immediate steps to adequately compensate and rehabilitate the victims of such violence. Investigations 17. Notwithstanding the explanations provided by the State party during the dialogue, the Committee continues to be concerned at numerous and consistent reports about: (a) The lack of a full investigation of the arrest of 3,000 students at Addis Ababa University in April 2001, many of whom were reportedly ill-treated at the Sendafa police camp; (b) The prosecution and sentencing of only a small number of low-ranking army officials involved in the killings and torture, including rape, of hundreds of Anuak in Gambella town in December 2003 and the State party’s failure to investigate the subsequent killings, torture and rape of Anuak in the Gambella Regional State in 2004; (c) The absence of an independent and impartial investigation of, and the lack of prosecutions and sentences for, the use of lethal force by members of the security forces during the post-election riots in 2005, when 193 civilians and 6 police officers were killed; and (d) The lack of an independent and impartial investigation into the extrajudicial killings, torture, including rape, other forms of sexual violence, as well as arbitrary arrests by ENDF during its counter-insurgency campaign against ONLF in the Somali Regional State in 2007 (art. 12 and 14). The State party should urgently institute independent and impartial investigations of the above incidents in order to bring the perpetrators of violations of the Convention to justice. The Committee recommends that such 6