Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma za leto 2011 ob ugotovitvi, da sta po ženevski konvenciji iz leta 19492 mučenje in nečloveško ravnanje huda kršitev ter da je po statutu mednarodnega sodišča za sodni pregon oseb, odgovornih za hujše kršitve mednarodnega humanitarnega prava, storjene na območju nekdanje Jugoslavije od leta 1991, po statutu mednarodnega kazenskega sodišča za sodni pregon oseb, odgovornih za genocid in druge hujše kršitve mednarodnega humanitarnega prava, storjene na območju Ruande, in državljanov Ruande, odgovornih za genocid in druge takšne kršitve, storjene na območju sosednjih držav med 1. januarjem 1994 in 31. decembrom 1994, ter po rimskem statutu mednarodnega kazenskega sodišča3 mučenje lahko kaznivo dejanje zoper človečnost in, če je storjeno v oboroženem spopadu, vojno hudodelstvo, ob odobravanju začetka veljavnosti Mednarodne konvencije za zaščito vseh oseb pred prisilnim izginotjem4, ker bo njeno izvajanje znatno prispevalo k preprečevanju in prepovedi mučenja, tudi s prepovedjo tajnih krajev odvzema prostosti in spodbujanjem držav, ki tega še niso storile, da podpišejo ali ratificirajo konvencijo ali pristopijo k njej, ob izrekanju priznanja za dolgotrajno prizadevanje organizacij civilne družbe, tudi nevladnih organizacij, državnih institucij za človekove pravice, državnih preventivnih mehanizmov in obsežne mreže centrov za rehabilitacijo žrtev mučenja, za preprečevanje mučenja in boj proti njemu ter za lajšanje trpljenja žrtev mučenja, zaradi hude zaskrbljenosti nad dejanji, ki lahko pomenijo mučenje in drugo kruto, nečloveško ali poniževalno ravnanje ali kaznovanje, storjenih zoper osebe in njihove pravice do mirnega zbiranja in svobode izražanja v vseh delih sveta, 1. Obsoja vse oblike mučenja in drugega krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja, tudi ustrahovanje, ki so in bodo ostale prepovedane vedno in povsod in zato nikoli ne morejo biti upravičene, ter poziva vse države k celovitemu izvajanju popolne in neodtujljive prepovedi mučenja in drugega krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja; 2. Poudarja, da morajo države sprejeti trajne, odločne in učinkovite ukrepe za preprečevanje mučenja in drugega krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja ter za boj proti vsemu temu, poudarja, da naj v notranji kazenski zakonodaji opredelijo mučenje kot kaznivo dejanje, in jih spodbuja, da z notranjo zakonodajo prepovejo dejanja krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja; 3. Pozdravlja vzpostavitev državnih mehanizmov za preprečevanje mučenja, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja, poziva države, da vzpostavijo, določijo, vzdržujejo ali krepijo samostojne in učinkovite mehanizme s potrebnim znanjem za opravljanje nadzornih obiskov krajev odvzema prostosti, med drugim zaradi preprečevanja mučenja ali drugega krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja, in poziva države pogodbenice Opcijskega protokola h Konvenciji proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju5, da izpolnijo obveznost glede določitve ali vzpostavitve resnično neodvisnih in učinkovitih državnih preventivnih mehanizmov; 2 3 4 5 144 Ibid., zv. 75, št. 970–973. Ibid., zv. 2187, št. 38544. Resolucija 61/177, priloga Zbirka pogodb Združenih narodov, zv. 2375, št. 24841. Državni preventivni mehanizem v Republiki Sloveniji po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju Implementation of the Duties and Powers of the National Preventive Mechanism in 2011 Noting that, under the Geneva Conventions of 19492, torture and inhuman treatment are a grave breach and that, under the statute of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, the statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994 and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court3, acts of torture can constitute crimes against humanity and, when committed in a situation of armed conflict, constitute war crimes, Welcoming the entry into force of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance4, the implementation of which will make a significant contribution to the prevention and prohibition of torture, including by prohibiting secret places of detention, and encouraging all States that have not done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention, Commending the persistent efforts of civil society organizations, including non-governmental organizations, national human rights institutions and national preventive mechanisms, and the considerable network of centres for the rehabilitation of victims of torture, to prevent and combat torture and to alleviate the suffering of victims of torture, Deeply concerned with all acts which can amount to torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment committed against persons exercising their rights of peaceful assembly and freedom of expression in all regions of the world, 1. Condemns all forms of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including through intimidation, which are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever and can thus never be justified, and calls upon all States to implement fully the absolute and non-derogable prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; 2. Emphasizes that States must take persistent, determined and effective measures to prevent and combat all acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, stresses that all acts of torture must be made offences under domestic criminal law, and encourages States to prohibit under domestic law acts constituting cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; 3. Welcomes the establishment of national preventive mechanisms to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, urges States to consider establishing, appointing, maintaining or enhancing independent and effective mechanisms with qualified expertise to undertake monitoring visits to places of detention, inter alia with a view to preventing acts of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and calls upon States parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment5 to fulfil their obligation to designate or establish truly independent and effective national preventive mechanisms; 2 3 4 5 Ibid., vol. 75, Nos. 970-973. Ibid., vol. 2187, No. 38544. Resolution 61/177, annex. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2375, No. 24841. National Preventive Mechanism in the Republic of Slovenia under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 145

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