Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma za leto 2011
12. Poziva države, da skladno s Konvencijo o pravicah invalidov8 zagotovijo celovito
vključitev pravic invalidov v preprečevanje mučenja in varovanje pred njim ter pozdravlja
prizadevanje posebnega poročevalca na tem področju;
13. Spodbuja vse države k zagotavljanju, da osebe, obsojene zaradi mučenja ali drugega
krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja, ne sodelujejo več pri
pridržanju ali zasliševanju priprtih, pridržanih, zaprtih ali tistih, ki jim je prostost odvzeta
kako drugače, ali ne sodelujejo pri ravnanju z njimi in da osebe, obtožene mučenja ali
drugega krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja, do razsodbe
ne sodelujejo pri pridržanju ali zasliševanju priprtih, pridržanih, zaprtih ali tistih, ki jim je
prostost odvzeta kako drugače, ali ne sodelujejo pri ravnanju z njimi;
14. Poudarja, da je mučenje v oboroženih spopadih huda kršitev mednarodnega
humanitarnega prava in pomeni vojno hudodelstvo, da je mučenje lahko kaznivo dejanje
zoper človečnost in da je treba storilce teh dejanj preganjati in kaznovati, in v zvezi
s tem pozdravlja prizadevanje mednarodnega kazenskega sodišča za prenehanje
nekaznovanja z uveljavljanjem odgovornosti in kaznovanjem storilcev takih dejanj v
skladu z Rimskim statutom3 ter spodbuja države, ki tega še niso storile, da ratificirajo
omenjeni statut ali pristopijo k njemu;
15. Poziva države k zagotavljanju, da se nobena izjava, za katero se ugotovi, da je bila dana
zaradi mučenja, ne uporabi kot dokaz v nobenem postopku, razen kot dokaz proti osebi,
obtoženi mučenja, spodbuja države, da tako prepoved razširijo na izjave, dane zaradi
krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja ali kaznovanja, in priznava ustrezno
utemeljene izjave, tudi priznanja, ki se uporabijo v postopku, kot eno od varoval za
preprečevanje mučenja in drugega krutega, nečloveškega ali poniževalnega ravnanja
ali kaznovanja;
16. Poudarja, da države ne smejo kaznovati osebja za neizpolnitev ukazov, da morajo
storiti ali prikriti dejanja, ki pomenijo mučenje ali drugo kruto, nečloveško ali poniževalno
ravnanje ali kaznovanje;
17. Poziva države, da prisilno ne odstranijo, vrnejo, izročijo ali kako drugače premestijo
osebe v drugo državo, če obstajajo resni razlogi za sum, da bi bila lahko izpostavljena
mučenju, poudarja pomen učinkovitih pravnih in postopkovnih jamstev v zvezi s tem
ter se zaveda, da diplomatska zagotovila, kadar se uporabljajo, držav ne odvezujejo
obveznosti po mednarodnem pravu človekovih pravic ter begunskem in humanitarnem
pravu, predvsem glede načela nevračanja;
18. Opozarja, da morajo pristojni organi pri ugotavljanju, ali taki razlogi obstajajo, upoštevati
vse pomembne dejavnike, kjer je primerno, tudi to, ali v državi obstaja jasen vzorec
velikih, grobih ali množičnih kršitev človekovih pravic;
19. Poziva države pogodbenice Konvencije proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali
poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju1, da izpolnijo obveznost glede kazenskega pregona
ali izročitve domnevnih storilcev mučenja, in ob upoštevanju potrebe po boju proti
nekaznovanju spodbuja druge države, da storijo enako;
8
148
Zbirka pogodb Združenih narodov, zv. 2515, št. 44910..
Državni preventivni mehanizem v Republiki Sloveniji po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN
proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju
Implementation of the Duties and Powers of the National Preventive Mechanism in 2011
12. Calls upon States to ensure that the rights of persons with disabilities, bearing in mind
the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities8, are fully integrated into torture
prevention and protection, and welcomes the efforts of the Special Rapporteur in this
regard;
13. Encourages all States to ensure that persons convicted of torture or other cruel, inhuman
or degrading treatment or punishment have no subsequent involvement in the custody,
interrogation or treatment of any person under arrest, detention, imprisonment or other
deprivation of liberty and that persons charged with torture or other cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment have no involvement in the custody, interrogation or
treatment of any person under arrest, detention, imprisonment or other deprivation of
liberty while such charges are pending;
14. Emphasizes that acts of torture in armed conflict are serious violations of international
humanitarian law and in this regard constitute war crimes, that acts of torture can
constitute crimes against humanity and that the perpetrators of all acts of torture must
be prosecuted and punished, and in this regard notes the efforts of the International
Criminal Court to end impunity by seeking to ensure accountability and punishment
of perpetrators of such acts, in accordance with the Rome Statute3, bearing in mind
its principle of complementarity, and encourages States that have not yet done so to
consider ratifying or acceding to the Rome Statute;
15. Strongly urges States to ensure that no statement that is established to have been
made as a result of torture is invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against
a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement was made, encourages
States to extend that prohibition to statements made as a result of cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment, and recognizes that adequate corroboration of
statements, including confessions, used as evidence in any proceedings constitutes one
safeguard for the prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or punishment;
16. Stresses that States must not punish personnel for not obeying orders to commit or
conceal acts amounting to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment;
17. Urges States not to expel, return (“refouler”), extradite or in any other way transfer a
person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that the person
would be in danger of being subjected to torture, stresses the importance of effective legal
and procedural safeguards in this regard, and recognizes that diplomatic assurances,
where used, do not release States from their obligations under international human
rights, humanitarian and refugee law, in particular the principle of non-refoulement;
18. Recalls that, for the purpose of determining whether there are such grounds, the
competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations, including,
where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross,
flagrant or mass violations of human rights;
19. Calls upon States parties to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment1 to fulfil their obligation to submit for prosecution or
extradite those alleged to have committed acts of torture, and encourages other States
to do likewise, bearing in mind the need to fight impunity;
8
United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910.
National Preventive Mechanism in the Republic of Slovenia under the Optional Protocol to
the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
149
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